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ɞɵ ɛɟɣɧɟɥɟɣɞɿ. Ⱦɨԑɚɥ ɠɚԕɲɚɞɚ ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɆɈ ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿɧɟ
ԕɚɬɵɫɚɬɵɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɚɪ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ.
1-
ɦɵɫɚɥ
:
2Li (1s²2s
1
) = Li
2
[
ɛɚɣɥ.
1s
ɛɨɫ
.
1s]
²
ɛɚɣɥ.
(2s).
Li
2
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɫɵɧɞɚ ɞɚɪɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɛɨɥɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ. Ɉɧɵԙ
ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿɧɟ 2s ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɵɧɵԙ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵɪɭɲɵ MO (
ɛɚɣɥ.
)
ԕɚɬɵɫɚɞɵ.
2-
ɦɵɫɚɥ:
2N(1s²2s²2p³ )
= N
2
[ ]
²
ɛɚɣɥ.
(2s)
²
ɛɨɫ.
(2s)
²
ɛɚɣɥ.
(2p
y
) =
²
ɛɚɣɥ.
(2p
z
)
²
ɛɚɣɥ.
(2p
x
);
n
k
= ½ ( 8 –
2 ) = 3.
3-
ɦɵɫɚɥ
:
2O(1s
²2
s
²2
p
4
) = O
2
[ ]
²
ɛɚɣɥ.
(2s)
²
ɛɨɫ
.
(2s)
²
ɛɚɣɥ.
(2p
x
)
²
ɛɚɣɥ.
(2p
y
) =
²
ɛɚɣɥ
.
(2p
z
)
1
ɛɨɫ
.
(2p
y
) =
1
ɛɨɫ
.
(2p
z
)
Ȼɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵɪɭɲɵ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶɞɚɪɞɚԑɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɚɪ ɫɚɧɵ ɫɟ
-
ɝɿɡɝɟ, ɛɨɫɚɬɭɲɵ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶɞɚ
–
ɬԧɪɬɤɟ ɬɟԙ, ɫɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ:
n
k
(O
2
) = ½ ( 8
–
4 ) = 2
Ʉɟɥɬɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɞɚɧ ɨɬɬɟɤɬɿԙ (
O
2
)
ɩɚɪɚɦɚɝɧɢɬɬɿ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɫɵɧɞɚ ɏɭɧɞ ɟɪɟɠɟɫɿɧɟ ɫɚɣ ɬԧɦɟɧɞɟɝɟɧ ɟɤɿ
–
ɛɨɫɚɬɭɲɵ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶɞɚɪɵɧɞɚ ɠԝɩɬɚɫɩɚԑɚɧ ɟɤɿ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ ɛɚɪ
ɟɤɟɧɞɿɝɿ ɤԧɪɿɧɟɞɿ.
ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵΝ ɬΟɡɿɥɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɿ
ȼɚɥɟɧɬɬɿɤ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɚɪ (ȼȻ) ԥɞɿɫɿɧɟ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɚɥɦɚɫɭ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɞɨɧɨɪɥɵ
-
ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɥɵ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ
ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿ ɦԛɦɤɿɧ.
Ⱥɥɦɚɫɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɿ
ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɟɪɟɠɟɥɟɪɝɟ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɥɝɟɧ:
–
Ωɪɛɿɪ ɚɬɨɦ ɠɚɥɩɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ ɠΡɛɵ ɬΟɡɿɥɭɿɧɟ ɛɿɪ ɠΡɩ
-
ɬɚɫɩɚΕɚɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɧ ɛɟɪɟɞɿ;
–
Ιɚɥɵɩɬɵ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ΙɨɡΕɚɧ ɤΟɣɞɟɝɿ ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɞɵΝ ɠΡɩ
-
ɬɚɫɩɚΕɚɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɚɪɵɧɵΝ ɫɚɧɵ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɬɿɥɿɤɬɿ ɚɧɵΙɬɚɣɞɵ
(s-
ɠԥɧɟ ɪ
-
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿ ԛɲɿɧ ɛԝɥ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ ɛԝɥɬɬɚɪɵɧɵԙ
ɠԝɩɬɚɫɩɚԑɚɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɚɪɵ (Ɲ); d
-
ɠԥɧɟ f
-
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿ ԛɲɿɧ –
ɫɵɪɬԕɵ, ɫɵɪɬԕɵɧɵԙ ɚɥɞɵɧɞɚԑɵ, ɨɧɵԙ ɚɥɞɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɞɟԙɝɟɣ.
6
–
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