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58
ɤɟɣɛɿɪ d
-
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪ
ɚɦɮɨɬɟɪɥɿ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪɞɿ
(Be(OH)
2
,
Al(OH)
3
, Cr(OH)
3
) ɬԛɡɟɞɿ
.
ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɦɟɬɚɥԑɚ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɛɟɣɦɟɬɚɥԑɚ ɠɚɬɭɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ
ɚɬɨɦɵɧɵԙ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɵԕ ԕԝɪɵɥɵɫɵɦɟɧ, ɨɧɵԙ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɬɟɪɿɫɬɿɝɿɧɿԙ ɠԥɧɟ ɢɨɧɞɚɧɭ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ɦԥɧɿɦɟɧ
ɚɧɵԕɬɚɥɚɞɵ (2
-
ɞԥɪɿɫɬɿ ԕɚɪɚԙɵɡ).
ȻɟɣɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɚɥɵΙ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪɞɿΝ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ
ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭ ɠΩɧɟ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵΝ ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿɥɿɝɿ
ɤΫɡΙɚɪɚɫɵ ɬΡɪΕɵɫɵɧɚɧ ɫɢɩɚɬɵ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪɞɿԙ ԕԝɪɵɥɵɦɞɵԕ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɥɚɪɵ:
Ɉ – ɇ
O O
– ɇ
Na
–
O
–
H Zn S
O
–
H O O
– ɇ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɨɫɵ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɥɚɪɵɧɚɧ ɨɬɬɟɤ ɚɬɨɦɵ (
Ɉ
)
ɫɭɬɟɤɩɟɧ (
ɇ
) ɛɿɪ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɬɿ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɩɟɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫԕɚɧ, ɛɚɫԕɚɫɵ –
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ ɬԛɡɭɲɿ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɚɬɨɦɵɦɟɧ (
ɗ
)
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫԕɚɧ
:
ɗ
n+
– Ɉ
2
Ǧ – ɇ
1+
ɏȻ
1
ɏȻ
2
ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵԙ ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿɥɿɝɿ
ɢɨɧɞɵԕ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿɧ
ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɣɞɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɚɧɞɵԕ ɬԛɪɞɟ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɬԛɡɟɬɿɧ
ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɬɟɪɿɫɬɿɝɿɧɿԙ (ɗɌ) ɚɣɵɪɵɦɵɧɚ ɬɟԙ:
ɉ
1
(ɗ
n+
– Ɉ
2
Ǧ) = ɗɌ (Ɉ) – ɗɌ(ɗ);
ɉ
2
(Ɉ
2
Ǧ – ɇ
1+
) = ɗɌ (Ɉ) – ɗɌ(ɇ)
Ƚɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɫɭ (ɇ
2
Ɉ) ɞɢɩɨɥɿ ԥɫɟɪɿɧɟɧ
ԛɡɿɥɭɿ ԥɪɞɚɣɵɦ ɧɟԑԝɪɥɵɦ ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ.
ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵԙ ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿɝɿɧɿԙ ɚɪɬɭɵ ɨɧɵԙ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ
ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɝɿɧ ɧɚɲɚɪɥɚɬɚɞɵ.
ɇɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ:
ɗ
n+
Ő Ɉ
2
Ǧ – ɇ
1+
ɉ
1
>
ɉ
2
ɗ
n+
–Ɉ
2
Ǧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɵ ԛɡɿɥɿɩ, ɧԥɬɢɠɟɫɿɧɞɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ ɢɨɧɵ (ɈɇǦ)
ɛԧɥɿɩ ɲɵԑɚɪɚɞɵ: NaɈɇ
o
Na
+
+
ɈɇǦ. (ɉ
1
= 2,6; ɉ
2
= 1,4).
Ʉԛɲɬɿ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪ ԛɲɿɧ ɉ
1
> 2.