Упрощенная HTML-версия
54
Ɍԝɡɞɚɪ –
ɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ ɦɟɧ ΙɵɲΙɵɥ ΙɚɥɞɵΕɵ
ɚɧɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɧɚɧ ɬΡɪɚɬɵɧ ɤΟɪɞɟɥɿ Ιɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ
.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ
:
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
, KAl(SO
4
)
2
, CaClOCl.
ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɬɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɞɟɝɿ ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫɭɵ
ɨɧɵԙ ɨɤɫɢɞɿ ɦɟɧ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿɧɿԙ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ
-
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ ɫɢɩɚɬɵɧ
ɛɨɥɠɚɭԑɚ ɦԛɦɤɿɧɞɿɤ ɛɟɪɟɞɿ (3.1
-
ɫɵɡɛɚ).
ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪ
Ɇɟ
(s, d, f
–
ԝɹɲɵԕɬɚɪɵ
)
Ɇɟ ɠԥɧɟ ɛ
/
Ɇɟ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɿ
(s, p, d, f
–
ԝɹɲɵԕɬɚɪɵ
)
ɛ/Ɇɟ
(ɪ
–
ԝɹɲɵԑɵ
)
ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪ ɨɬɬɟɝɿɦɟɧ (Ɉ
2
)
ɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪ
ɬԛɡɟɞɿ
x
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ
x
ɚɦɮɨɬɟɪɥɿɤ
x
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ
Na
2
O, BaO
* d
–Ɇɟ ɬ
.
ɞ
. min
MnO, CrO
BeO, ZnO, Al
2
O
3
* d
–Ɇɟ ɬ.ɞ
.
ɨɪɬɚɲɚ
MnO
2
, Cr
2
O
3
SO
3
, P
2
O
5
* d
–Ɇɟ ɬ.ɞ.
m
ɚɯ
CrO
3
, Mn
2
O
7
Ɉɤɫɢɞɬɟɪ ɫɭɦɟɧ
(
ɬɭɪɚ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɠɚɧɚɦɚ
)
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪ ɬԛɡɟɞɿ
x
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ
x
ɚɦɮɨɬɟɪɥɿɤ
x
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ
(
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪ
)
NaO
ɇ,
Ba(OH)
2
Mn(O
ɇ)
2
, Cr(O
ɇ)
2
(
ɚɦɮɨɥɢɬɬɟɪ
)
Be(O
ɇ
)
2
, Zn(O
ɇ
)
2
,
Al(O
ɇ
)
3
, Mn(O
ɇ
)
4
,
Cr(O
ɇ
)
3
(ɨɤɫɨԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪ
)
ɇ
2
SO
4
, ɇ
3
PO
4
ɇ
2
CrO
4
, ɇ
MnO
4
Ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪ ɦɟɧ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪɞɿԙ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɿ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚ
ɬԝɡɞɚɪ
ɬԛɡɿɥɟɞɿ
x
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ
x
ɨɪɬɚɲɚ
x
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ
FeOHSO
4
(CaOH)
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
CaSO
4
Fe(HSO
4
)
3
Ca(HSO
4
)
2
3.1-
ɫɵɡɛɚ. ɉɀ
-
ɧɿԙ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿ ɦɟɧ ɛɟɣɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ
ɤɥɚɫɬɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɵԕ ԝɹɲɵԕɬɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɬԛɪɥɟɪɿ
ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɵ
Ȼɟɣɬɚɪɚɩɬɚɧɭ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵ
Ȼɟɣɬɚɪɚɩɬɚɧɭ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵ –
ɛΡɥ ɬΡɡ ɠΩɧɟ ɫɭ ɬΟɡɟ ɠΟɪɟ
-
ɬɿɧ (ɛɟɣɬɚɪɚɩ Ϋɧɿɦ) ΙɵɲΙɵɥ ɠΩɧɟ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿΝ ɫɭɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ
ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚΕɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ.