Упрощенная HTML-версия
53
ɀɨɫɩɚɪ
1.
Ȼɟɣɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɠɚɥɩɵ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɦɚɫɵ
2.
Ƚɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪɞɿԙ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ
-
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ ɫɢɩɚɬɵ
3.
ɇɟɝɿɡɞɟɪ ɦɟɧ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɤԛɲɬɟɪɿ
4.
Ȼɟɣɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɬɟɪɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɥɿɝɿ
5.
Ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪ ɦɟɧ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪ ɬɭɪɚɥɵ ɬɟɨɪɢɹɥɚɪ
3.1 ɩʺˇ˓˕ʶʲˑˆˊʲˏ˩ˌ ˌ˓˖˩ˏ˩˖˘ʲ˕ʹ˩˒
ʾʲˏ˔˩ ˖ˆ˔ʲ˘˘ʲːʲ˖˩
ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ԕԝɪɚɦɵɧɚ ɛɚɣɥɚ
-
ɧɵɫɬɵ ɛɿɪ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿ (ɠɚɣ) ɠԥɧɟ ɤԧɩ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿ (ɤԛɪɞɟɥɿ)
ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ ɞɟɩ ɛԧɥɟɞɿ.
Ԧɡ ɤɟɡɟɝɿɧɞɟ ɤԛɪɞɟɥɿ ɛɟɣɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ ԕɚɪɚɫ
-
ɬɵɪɵɥɚɬɵɧ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɪɿɧɟ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ɛɿɪɧɟɲɟ ɬɨɩԕɚ ɛԧɥɿɧɟɬɿɧ
(ɞԥɪɿɫɬɿԙ ɛɥɨɤ
-
ɫɵɡɛɚɫɵɧ ԕɚɪɚԙɵɡ) ɛɢɧɚɪɥɵ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ (ɫɨɧɵԙ
ɿɲɿɧɞɟ ɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪ), ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪ, ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪ ɦɟɧ ɬԝɡɞɚɪԑɚ ɠɿɤɬɟɥɟɞɿ.
Ɉɤɫɢɞɬɟɪ
–
ɟɤɿ ɬΟɪɥɿ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɧ ɬΡɪɚɬɵɧ ɤΟɪɞɟɥɿ
Ιɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵΝ ɛɿɪɟɭɿ ɨɬɬɟɤ, ɬɨɬɵΕɭ ɞΩɪɟɠɟɫɿɦɟɧ «–2».
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ:
CaO, ZnO, SO
2
.
ɇɟɝɿɡɞɟɪ
– ɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ ɦɟɧ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɨɬɨɩ
ɚɧɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɧɚɧ ɬΡɪɚɬɵɧ ɤΟɪɞɟɥɿ Ιɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ; ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪɞɿΝ ɫɭɥɵ
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɨɬɨɩ (ɈɇǦ) ɚɧɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɧɵΝ ɞɨɧɨɪɵ ɛɨɥɵɩ
ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ:
Ca
(Oɇ)
2
, Zn
(Oɇ)
2
, Al
(Oɇ)
3
.
Ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪ
–
ɫɭɬɟɤ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ ɦɟɧ ΙɵɲΙɵɥ ΙɚɥɞɵΕɵ
ɚɧɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɧɚɧ ɬΡɪɚɬɵɧ ɤΟɪɞɟɥɿ Ιɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ; ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɚɪɞɵΝ
ɫɭɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿ ɫɭɬɟɤ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɵɧɵΝ (ɇ
+
) ɞɨɧɨɪɵ ɛɨɥɵɩ
ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ
:
ɇ
2
SO
4
, ɇ
3
PO
4
,
ɇ
2
S.