Упрощенная HTML-версия
465
ȿ
1
Ag
+
/ Ag = 0,80 + 0,059 lg 0,001 =
0,80 + 0,059 (
– 3) = 0,62 ȼ;
ȿ
2
Ag
+
/ Ag = 0,80 + 0,059 lg 0,1 =
0,80 + 0,059 (
– 1) = 0,74 ȼ.
ȿ
1
< ȿ
2
ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ ɚɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿԙ
(0,001 M AgNO
3
) ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɵ ɚɧɨɞɬɵԙ ԕɵɡɦɟɬɿɧ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɣɞɵ, ɤɟɪɿ
-
ɫɿɧɲɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ ɤԧɩ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿԙ (
0,1 M AgNO
3
)
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɵ ɤɚɬɨɞɬɵԙ ԕɵɡɦɟɬɿɧ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɣɞɵ. Ⱦɟɦɟɤ, ɨԙ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞԕɚ
ɫɨɥ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɬɚɧ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɬɿɡɛɟɤɬɟɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɚɪ ɚɭɵɫɚɞɵ.
3
-
ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚ
.
Ɍԧɦɟɧɞɟ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɬɟɩɟ
-
ɬɟԙɞɿɤ
ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵ
727
0
ɋ ɠԥɧɟ
927
0
ɋ
0-
ɞɟ ɫԥɣɤɟɫɿɧɲɟ
3,34
ɠԥɧɟ
0,079
ɬɟԙ. Ƚɢɛɛɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ( G) ԧɡɝɟɪɭɿɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟԙɿɡ ɠԥɧɟ ɤԧɪ
-
ɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɥɚɪɞɚ ɨɫɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ԧɡɞɿɝɿɧɟɧ ɠԛɪɭɿɧɿԙ
ɛɚԑɵɬɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚԙɵɡ:
2SO
2
(ɝ) + O
2
(ɝ)
2SO
3
(ɝ)
ɒɟɲɭɿ:
Ƚɢɛɛɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ( G) ԧɡɝɟɪɭɿ ɦɵɧɚ ɬɟԙɞɟɭ
ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɥɟɞɿ:
¨
G =
–
2,3RTlgK (1). 727
0
ɋ ɠԥɧɟ
927
0
ɋ
ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɬɿɤ ɲɤɚɥɚɫɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ 1000 Ʉ ɠԥɧɟ 1200 Ʉ ɬɟԙ.
(1) ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɟɫɟɩɬɿԙ ɦԥɧɞɟɪɿɧ ԕɨɹɦɵɡ ɠԥɧɟ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ
Ɍ
-
ɞɚ G ɟɫɟɩɬɟɣɦɿɡ:
G
1000
=
–
8,314 1000 2,3 lg 3,34 =
– 10022 Ⱦɠ/ɦɨɥɶ
< 0;
G
1200
=
–
8,314 1200 2,3
lg 0,079 = 21093 Ⱦɠ/ɦɨɥɶ
> 0.
ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ɨɫɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ 1000 Ʉ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɧɵԙ ɡɚԙɞɚɪɵɧɚ
ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɬɭɪɚ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚ ԧɡɞɿɝɿɧɟɧ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ, 1200 Ʉ – ɤɟɪɿ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚ.
4
-
ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚ.
ɀԛɣɟɧɿԙ
MnO
4
Ǧ
/ Mn
2+
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɬɵԕ ɩɨɬɟɧ
-
ɰɢɚɥɵɧ, [ɇ
+
] = 1 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ ɠԥɧɟ [ɇ
+
] = 1 10
2
ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ ɟɫɟɩɬɟԙɿɡ, ɟɝɟɪ
[MnO
4
Ǧ
] / [ Mn
2+
] = 1.
ȿ
0
(MnO
4
Ǧ
/Mn
2+
) -
ɪɇ – ɨɪɬɚԑɚ ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿɥɿɝɿɧ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɿԙɿɡ.
ɒɟɲɭɿ:
ɇɟɪɧɫɬ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧɟ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ:
)
ɌɡɎ
(a
)
ɌɎ
(a lg
n
059 ,0 E
)
ɌɡɎ
(a
)
ɌɎ
(a lg
nF
RT3,2 E
)
ɌɡɎ
(a
)
ɌɎ
(a ln
nF
RT EE
0
0
0
30
–
3/129-15