Упрощенная HTML-версия
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Ԧɡɿɧ
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ԧɡɿ ɛɚԕɵɥɚɭ ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɥɚɪɵ
1
-
ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚ.
Ƚɚɥɶɜɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ (Ƚɗ) 0,1Ɇ ɦɵɪɵɲ
ɧɢɬɪɚɬɵɧɵԙ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɟ ɛɚɬɵɪɵɥԑɚɧ ɠԥɧɟ 0,02 Ɇ ԕɨɪԑɚɫɵɧ
ɧɢɬɪɚɬɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɟ ɛɚɬɵɪɵɥԑɚɧ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɵԕ ɦɵɪɵɲɬɚɧ ɬԝɪɚɞɵ.
Ƚɗ ɫɯɟɦɚɫɵɧ ԕԝɪɵԙɵɡ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɬɵԕ ԛɞɟɪɿɫɬɿԙ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧ ɠɚɡɵԙɵɡ
ɠԥɧɟ ɨɫɵ ԛɞɟɪɿɫɬɿԙ ɷɥɟɤɬɪ ԕɨɡԑɚɭɲɵ ɤԛɲɿɧ (ɗԔɄ) ɟɫɟɩɬɟԙɿɡ.
ɒɟɲɭɿ:
ɦɵɪɵɲ ɠԥɧɟ ɦɵɫɬɵԙ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɬɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɬɵԕ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɵɧ (12
-
ԕɨɫɵɦɲɚɧɵ ԕɚɪɚԙɵɡ) ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɵɩ, ɇɟɪɧɫɬ
ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɧɚԕɬɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɬɵԕ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɵɧ
ɟɫɟɩɬɟɣɦɿɡ:
ȿ
0
Zn
2+
/ Zn =
– 0,76 ȼ; ȿ
0
Pb
2+
/ Pb =
– 0,13 ȼ.
ȿ Zn
2+
/ Zn =
– 0,76 + ½
0,059 lg 0,1 =
–
0,76 + 0,030 (
–
1) =
– 0,79 ȼ;
ȿ Pb
2+
/ Pb =
– 0,13 +½
0,059 lg 0,02 =
–
0,13 + 0,030 (
–
1,7) =
– 0,18 ȼ.
Ȼɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɝɚɥɶɜɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɗԔɄ ɬɚɛɚɦɵɡ:
ɗԔɄ = ȿ Pb
2+
/ Pb
– ȿ Zn
2+
/ Zn =
–
0,18
–
(
– 0,79) = 0,61 ȼ
ȿ Pb
2+
/ Pb >
ȿ Zn
2+
/ Zn ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ԕɨɪԑɚɫɵɧ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɵɧɞɚ ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɞɵɪԑɵɲ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ, ɹԑɧɢ, ɤɚɬɨɞɬɵԙ
ԕɵɡɦɟɬɿɧ ɚɬԕɚɪɚɞɵ: Pb
2+
+ 2
Ɲ
Pb
0
, ɚɥ ɦɵɪɵɲ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɵɧɞɚ
ɬɨɬɵԑɭ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ, ɹԑɧɢ, ɨɥ ɚɧɨɞɬɵԙ ԕɵɡɦɟɬɿɧ ɚɬԕɚɪɚɞɵ:
Zn° –
2
Ɲ
Zn
2+
.
Ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥɵɩ ɨɬɵɪԑɚɧ Ƚɗ ɫɯɟɦɚɫɵ ɦɵɧɚɞɚɣ ɬԛɪɞɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ:
(
–
) Zn | 0,1 M Zn(NO
3
)
2
|| 0,02 M Pb(NO
3
)
2
| Pb (+)
2
-
ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚ.
Ƚɚɥɶɜɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɗԔɄ ɟɫɟɩɬɟԙɿɡ:
(
–
) Ag | 0,001 M AgNO
3
|| 0,1 M AgNO
3
| Ag (+)
Ɉɫɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɠԝɦɵɫɵ ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɬɿɡɛɟɤɬɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ
-
ɞɚɪ ԕɚɧɞɚɣ ɛɚԑɵɬԕɚ ɚɭɵɫɚɬɵɧɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚԙɵɡ.
ȿ
0
Ag
+
/ Ag
= 0,80 ȼ ( 12
-
ԕɨɫɵɦɲɚɧɵ ԕɚɪɚԙɵɡ).
ɒɟɲɭɿ:
Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ 0,001 Ɇ ɠԥɧɟ 0,1Ɇ ɤԛɦɿɫɬɿԙ ɧɚԕɬɵ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɬɵ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɹɥɵɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɣɦɿɡ ɠԥɧɟ ɨɥɚɪɞɵ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ȿ
1
ɠԥɧɟ ȿ
2
ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɣɦɿɡ: