Упрощенная HTML-версия
456
Na
2
S, KI, KBr
– ɬɟɤ ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɞɵɪԑɵɲɬɵԕ ԕɚɫɢɟɬ
ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ, ɫɟɛɟɛɿ,
(S
2
Ǧ
, I
Ǧ
, Br
Ǧ
)
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪ ɬԧɦɟɧ ɬɨɬɵԑɭ
ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ
;
Cl
2
, FeSO
4
, NaNO
2
, Na
2
SO
3
– ɬɨɬɵԕɬɵɪԑɵɲ ɬɚ, ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡ
-
ɞɚɧɞɵɪԑɵɲ ɬɚ ԕɚɫɢɟɬ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ, ɫɟɛɟɛɿ
(Cl
0
, Fe
2+
, N
3+
, S
4+
)
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪ ɚɪɚɥɵԕ ɬɨɬɵԑɭ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿɧɞɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ
.
2
-
ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɢɨɧɞɵ
-
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɵ ԥɞɿɫɬɟɪɞɿ
ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɵɩ, ɬɨɬɵԑɭ
-
ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɭ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵɧ ɬɟԙɟɫɬɿɪɿԙɿɡ:
KMnO
4
+ NaNO
2
+ H
2
SO
4
MnSO
4
+ NaNO
3
+ K
2
SO
4
ɒɟɲɭɿ:
Ȼԝɥ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ ɦɚɪɝɚɧɟɰɬɿԙ ɠԥɧɟ ɚɡɨɬɬɵԙ ɬɨɬɵԑɭ
ɞԥɪɟɠɟɥɟɪɿ ԧɡɝɟɪɟɞɿ:
Mn
+7
Mn
+2
ɢ N
+3
N
+5
Ɇɚɪɝɚɧɟɰɬɿԙ ɬɨɬɵԑɭ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿ ɤɟɦɢɞɿ, ɚɥ ɚɡɨɬɬɵԙ ɤɟɪɿɫɿɧɲɟ
ɬɨɬɵԑɭ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿ ɚɪɬɚɞɵ. ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɄɆɩɈ
4
ɬɨɬɵԕɬɵɪԑɵɲ, ɚ
NaNO
2
– ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɞɵɪԑɵɲ. Ɍɨɬɵԕɬɵɪԑɵɲɬɵԙ – ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ
ɬɨɬɵԑɭ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿ ɚɡ ɠԥɧɟ ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɞɵɪԑɵɲɬɵԙ – ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ
ɬɨɬɵԑɭ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿ ɤԧɩ ɠɚɥɩɵ ɫɚɧɵɧ ɬɟԙɟɫɬɿɪɭ Ɇn (+2) 2 ɦɨɥɶ
ɚɬɨɦɵ N(+3) 5 ɦɨɥɶ ɚɬɨɦɵɧɚ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɤɟɥɟɞɿ:
2Mn
+7
+ 5N
+3
2Mn
+2
+ 5N
+5
ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɬɨɬɵԕɬɵɪԑɵɲ ɠԥɧɟ ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɞɵɪԑɵɲ
ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧɞɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɬɟɪɿ 2 ɠԥɧɟ 5. Ɍɚɛɵɥԑɚɧ ɤɨɷɮɮɢ
-
ɰɢɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧɟ ԕɨɹɦɵɡ:
2KMnO
4
+ 5NaNO
2
+ H
2
SO
4
2MnSO
4
+ 5NaNO
3
Ԕɚɥԑɚɧ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿ ɛɚɫԕɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ (ԥɡɿɪɲɟ ɇ
ɠԥɧɟ Ɉ) ɛɚɥɚɧɫɵɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɭɞɟ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ, ɛԝɥ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ Ʉ, Na:
2KMnO
4
+ 5NaNO
2
+ H
2
SO
4
2MnSO
4
+ 5NaNO
3
+ K
2
SO
4
ɋɭɬɟɝɿ ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɵ ɦɨɥɿɧɿԙ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɫɭɞɵԙ ɦɨɥɶ
ɫɚɧɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɣɞɵ:
2KMnO
4
+ 5NaNO
2
+ 3H
2
SO
4
2MnSO
4
+ 5NaNO
3
+ K
2
SO
4
+ 3H
2
O
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿ ɞԝɪɵɫ ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧɵɧ ɬɟɤɫɟɪɭ ԛɲɿɧ ɨɬɬɟɝɿɧɿԙ
ɛɚɥɚɧɫɵɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɣɞɿ. ɋɭɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɞɟ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥɵɩ ɨɬɵɪԑɚɧ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɫɭɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɞɟ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ, ɨɧɵ ɢɨɧɞɵԕ ɬɟԙɞɟɭ ɬԛɪɿɧɞɟ
ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɦɿɡ: