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Ȼԝɥ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ ɫɭɬɟɤɬɿɤ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɤɿɲ Ⱥ…ɇ– ɈɇǦ ɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɬɿ
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫԕɚ ɚɣɧɚɥɚɞɵ Ⱥ–ɇ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɭ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɫɵɧɚɧ ɈɇǦ - ɢɨɧɵ
ԛɡɿɥɟɞɿ, ɹԑɧɢ, ɫɿɥɬɿɥɿ ɨɪɬɚ ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ
ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɫɵ:
>
@>
@
>
@
>
@
OH A
OH HA K, OH
HA
HOH A
2
1m
)1m(
)1n(
m
ɚɥ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɝɟ ɚɧɢɨɧɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ:
>
@ > @
>
@
> @
m
)1m(
2
.
ȽɂȾɊ
A
OH
HA OHK Ʉ
ɟɝɟɪ [ɈɇǦ] = Ʉ
ȼ
/ [ɇ
+
] ɟɫɤɟɪɫɟɤ, ɨɧɞɚ:
> @
> @> @
b
ɋɍ
m
ɜɋɍ
)1m(
.
ȽɂȾɊ
Ʉ
Ʉ
HA
K HA Ʉ
ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɚɧɢɨɧ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɞɟɧɭ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ԥɥɫɿɡ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԙ ɚɧɢɨɧɵɧɚ (ɇ-Ⱥ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɵ ɛɟɪɿɤ) ԕɚɪɚԑɚɧɞɚ
ɤԛɲɬɿɪɟɤ, ɹԑɧɢ, ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԙ ɢɨɧɞɚɧɭ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵ ɦԥɧɿ Ʉ
ԕɵɲԕ.
ɚɡ
ɛɨɥԑɚɧ ɫɚɣɵɧ.
ɋԥɣɤɟɫɿɧɲɟ, ɚɧɢɨɧɧɵԙ ɦԧɥɲɟɪɿ ɚɡ ɠԥɧɟ ɬɟɪɿɫ ɡɚɪɹɞɵ ɤԧɩ
ɛɨɥԑɚɧ ɫɚɣɵɧ, ɨɥ ɫɭ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɫɵɧɚɧ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɞɵ ɠɟԙɿɥ ɲɵԑɚɪɚɞɵ.
4
-
ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚ.
Ɍԧɦɟɧɞɟ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪ ԛɲɿɧ Ƚɢɛɛɫ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ɦԥɧɿɧɿԙ ԧɡɝɟɪɭɿ:
2Al
3+
(ɟɪ) + 3S
2
Ǧ (ɟɪ) = Al
2
S
3
(ԕ);
'
G
0
298
= 105,6 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ;
2Al
3+
(ɟɪ) + 6ɇ
2
Ɉ(ɫ) + 3S
2
Ǧ(ɟɪ)= 2Al(Ɉɇ)
3
(ԕ) + 3ɇ
2
S(ɟɪ);
'
G
0
298
= 135,5 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ
Ɉɫɵ ԛɞɟɪɿɫɬɟɪɞɿԙ ԕɚɣɫɵɫɵ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɵԕɬɢɦɚɥ
ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧɞɵԑɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚԙɵɡ.
Ɍԝɡɞɚɪ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɿɧɿԙ ԧɡɚɪɚ ɤԛɲɟɸ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɿɧ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɿԙɿɡ ɠԥɧɟ AlCl
3
ɠԥɧɟ Na
2
S ɫɭɞɚԑɵ
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿɧ ɚɪɚɥɚɫɬɵɪԑɚɧɞɚ ԕɚɧɞɚɣ ԧɧɿɦɞɟɪ ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿ ɦԛɦɤɿɧ
ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧɵɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿԙɿɡ.
ɒɟɲɭɿ:
ɫɭɞɚԑɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɞɟ ɚɥɦɚɫɭ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ Al
2
S
3
ɬԝɧɛɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚ-
ɦɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɦԛɦɤɿɧ ɟɦɟɫ, ɫɟɛɟɛɿ ɛԝɥ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ԛɲɿɧ
'
G
0
298
> 0, ɚɥ