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Ɉɫɵ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭ ɤԧɥɟɦɧɿԙ ɚɡɚɸɵɦɟɧ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ: ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ
ɝɚɡɞɵԙ 4 ɦɨɥɿɧɿԙ ɨɪɧɵɧɚ 2 ɦɨɥɶ ɝɚɡɬԥɪɿɡɞɟɫ ԧɧɿɦ ɬԛɡɿɥɟɞɿ,
ɫɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɹɫɵ
ɬԧɦɟɧɞɟɣɞɿ, ɛԝɞɚɧ
S
0
< 0.
5
-
ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚ
.
Ɍԧɦɟɧɞɟ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪ ԛɲɿɧ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɬɵ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚԑɵ ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹɧɵԙ (ǻɇ°
298
),
ɿɲɤɿ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɧɵԙ
(ǻ
U
°
298
),
ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɹɧɵԙ (¨S°
298
),
Ƚɢɛɛɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ (¨G°
298
)
ɠԥɧɟ Ƚɟɥɶɦɝɨɥɶɰ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ (ǻF°
298
)
ԧɡɝɟɪɭɥɟɪɿɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɩ
ɲɵԑɚɪɵԙɵɡ. Ɍɭɪɚ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚ ɠԛɪɟɬɿɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɦԛɦɤɿɧɞɿɝɿɧɟ 500 Ʉ
ɞɟɣɿɧ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɵԙ ɠɨԑɚɪɵɥɚɭɵɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿԙɿɡ.
ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɬɵ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚԑɵ ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹ ɠԥɧɟ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɹ ɦԥɧɞɟɪɿ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɬɟɪɿ ɠԥɧɟ ԧɧɿɦɞɟɪɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɥɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɚɫɬɵɧɚ
ɤɟɥɬɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ.
2 N
Ɉ
+
Ɉ
2
2 N
Ɉ
2
¨ɇ
0
ɨɛɪ.
,
ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ
90,37 0 33,89
S
0
,
Ⱦɠ/ɦɨɥɶɄ
210,62 205,03 240,45
ɒɟɲɭɿ:
Ɍɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɥɵԕ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ
ɟɫɟɩɬɟɭ
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɫɵɧ ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɵɦɵɡ:
ǻɇ°
ɏ.Ɋ.
=
Ȉ
n (
ǻɇ°
ԦɇȱɆ.ɌԚɁ.
)
– Ȉ
n (
ǻɇ°
ɊȿȺȽ.ɌԚɁ
)
ǻU°
ɏ.Ɋ.
=
ǻɇ°
ɏ.Ɋ.
– ǻ
nRT
ɏ.Ɋ.
ǻS°
ɏ
.
Ɋ
.
=
Ȉ
n
(S°
ԦɇȱɆ
.
)
– Ȉn (S°
ɊȿȺȽ
.
)
ǻG°
ɏ
.
Ɋ
.
=
ǻɇ°
ɏ
.
Ɋ
–
T
ǻS°
ɏ
.
Ɋ
.
ǻF°
ɏ.Ɋ.
=
ǻU°
ɏ.Ɋ.
–
T
ǻS°
ɏ.Ɋ.
ɀɨԑɚɪɵɞɚ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ ɬɟԙɞɟɭ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɥɵԕ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɵ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɣɦɿɡ:
1.
¨ɇ
0
ɏ.Ɋ.
= 2
¨ɇ
0
ɌԚɁ.
(N
Ɉ
2
)
– (2 ¨ɇ
0
ɌԚɁ.
(N
Ɉ) + ¨ɇ
0
ɌԚɁ.
(Ɉ
2
)) =
– 112,93 ɤȾɠ;
ɇ
0
0
2.
¨ɂ
0
= ¨ɇ
0
– ¨
nR
Ɍ·10Ǧ
3
=
–
112,93
–
(
–1) · 8,314 · 298·10Ǧ
3
=
–110,48 ɤȾɠ; ɂ
0
0
(ɦԝɧɞɚ ¨
n =2
–
3 =
–
1; R
= 8,314 Ⱦɠ/ɦɨɥɶ·
Ʉ = 8,314 · 10Ǧ
3
ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ· Ʉ)
3.
¨S
0
ɏ.Ɋ.
= 2 S
0
(N
Ɉ
2
)
–
(2 S
0
(N
Ɉ
) + S
0
(
Ɉ
2
)) =
–
145,37
Ⱦɠ
/
Ʉ
;
¨S
0
< 0
4.
¨G
0
ɏ.Ɋ.
= ¨ɇ
0
– Ɍ
S
0
· 10Ǧ
3
=
– 63,64 ɤȾɠ; ¨G
0
< 0