Упрощенная HTML-версия
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ɒɟɲɭɿ:
Ƚɟɫɫ ɡɚԙɵɧɚ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ:
ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɵΝ ɠɵɥɭ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿ Ωɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɲɿ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵΝ ɛɚɫɬɚɩΙɵ ɠΩɧɟ ɫɨΝΕɵ
ɤΟɣɿɧɟ Εɚɧɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵΝ ɚɪɚɥɵΙ ɫɚɬɵɥɚɪɵɧɚ
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ɟɦɟɫ.
ǻɇ°
ɏ.Ɋ.
= Ȉn (ǻɇ°
ԦɇȱɆ.ɌԚɁ.
)
– Ȉn (ǻɇ°
ɊȿȺȽ.ɌԚɁ.
),
ɦԝɧɞɚԑɵ ǻɇ°
ɌԚɁ.
– ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿɧɿԙ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɬɵ
ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹɫɵ, ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ; n – ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɫɬɟɯɢɨ
-
ɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɬɟɪ.
Ƚɟɫɫ ɡɚԙɵɧɚɧ ɲɵԑɚɬɵɧɵ, ɤԛɪɞɟɥɿ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ
ɠɵɥɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿ ɨɧɵԙ ɚɪɚɥɵԕ ɫɚɬɵɥɚɪɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɠɵɥɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿɧɿԙ
ɠɚɥɩɵ ɫɚɧɵɧɚ ɬɟԙ. Ⱦɟɦɟɤ, SbCl
3
ɠԥɧɟ SbCl
5
ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿɧɿԙ
ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹɥɵԕ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚɫɵɧɚɧ, (1) ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ SbCl
5
ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿɧɿԙ ɠɵɥɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿ (2) ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ SbCl
3
ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿɧɿԙ
ɠɵɥɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿɧɿԙ ɠɚɥɩɵ ɫɚɧɵɧɚ ɬɟԙ ɠԥɧɟ (3) ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
SbCl
3
– ɬɟɧ
SbCl
5
.
1,2 ɠԥɧɟ 3 ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɠɵɥɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿɧ
H
0
1
, H
0
2
, H
0
3
ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɲɚɪɬɬɵ ɬԛɪɞɟ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɣɦɿɡ. 1,2 ɠԥɧɟ 3
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɬɟɪɦɨɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɿɧ ɠɚɡɚɦɵɡ:
1) Sb(ԕ) +
5
/
2
ɋ1
2
(ɝ)
SbCl
5
(ɫ),
H
0
1
2) Sb (
ԕ
) +
3
/
2
ɋ1
2
(ɝ)
SbCl
3
, (
ԕ
),
H
0
2
3) SbCl
3
(
ԕ) + ɋ1
2
(ɝ)
SbCl
5
(
ԕ
),
H
0
3
Ⱦɟɦɟɤ
, H
0
1
= H
0
2
+ H
0
3
.
4
-
ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚ
.
Ɋɟɚɝɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɠԥɧɟ ԧɧɿɦɞɟɪɞɿԙ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɬɵ
ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɹ ɦԥɧɞɟɪɿɧ ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɵɩ, ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɞɚԑɵ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɹɧɵԙ
(¨S
0
298
)
ԧɡɝɟɪɭ ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɛɟɥɝɿɫɿɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚԙɵɡ:
3H
2
(ɝ) +
N
2
(ɝ
) 2 NH
3
(ɝ)
¨S
0
298
(ɇ
2
) = 130,52 Ⱦɠ/ɦɨɥɶ·Ʉ;
¨S
0
298
(N
2
) = 199,9 Ⱦɠ/ɦɨɥɶ·Ʉ;
¨S
0
298
(NH
3
) = 192,6 Ⱦɠ/ɦɨɥɶ·Ʉ.
ɒɟɲɭɿ:
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɹɧɵԙ (¨S
0
298
) ԧɡɝɟ
-
ɪɭɿɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɣɦɿɡ:
¨S°
298
= 2 S°
(NH
3
)
–
(3
S°(ɇ
2
) +
S°(
N
2
)) =
2 192,6
–
(3 130,5 + 199,9) =
– 206,2 Ⱦɠ/Ʉ.