Упрощенная HTML-версия
414
ɠɵɥɠɢɞɵ, ɚɥ ɦԥɧɞɟɪɿ ɬԧɦɟɧ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɚ, ɠԝɬɵɥɭ ɤɟɪɿɫɿɧɲɟ,
ɬԧɦɟɧɝɿ ɠɢɿɥɿɤ ɠɚԑɵɧɚ ԕɚɪɚɣ ɠɵɥɠɢɞɵ.
ɋuSɈ
4
5ɇ
2
Ɉ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɬɵԙ ɫɭɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɞɟ ɋu
2+
ɢɨɧɵ ɫɭɞɵԙ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚ ԧɪɿɫɿɧɞɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɤԧɤ ɬԛɫɤɟ ɢɟ.
Ⱥɦɦɢɚɤɬɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɞɟ ɬԛɫɿ ԕɚɧɵԕ – ɤԧɤ ɬԛɫɤɟ ԧɡɝɟɪɟɞɿ. Ȼԝɥ
ɥɢɝɚɧɞɚɧɵԙ ɬԛɪɿɧɿԙ ԧɡɝɟɪɭɿɦɟɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ (ɫɭɞɵԙ ɨɪɧɵɧɚ
ɚɦɦɢɚɤ). əԑɧɢ,
NH
3
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪɵ ɤԛɲɬɿ ԧɪɿɫɬɿ ԕԝɪɚɣɞɵ, ɠԝɬɵɥɭ
ɚɫɚ ɠɨԑɚɪɵ ɠɢɿɥɿɤ ɠɚԑɵɧɚ ԕɚɪɚɣ ɠɵɥɠɢɞɵ. Ȼɚɫԕɚ ɠɚԑɵɧɚɧ,
CuSO
4
ɫɭɫɵɡ ɬԝɡɵ ɬԛɫɫɿɡ, ɫɟɛɟɛɿ SO
4
2
ɢɨɧ ԧɪɿɫɿ ɫɨɧɲɚɥɵԕɬɵ
ԥɥɫɿɡ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɢɧɮɪɚԕɵɡɵɥ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɞɿ ɠԝɬɚɞɵ.
3
-
ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚ.
[Cr(H
2
Ɉ)
6
]
3+
ɢɨɧɵ ԛɲɿɧ ɵɞɵɪɚɭ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵ
( )
167,2 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶɝɟ ɬɟԙ. ɋɭɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɞɟɝɿ ɯɪɨɦ (ɒ)
ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɵɧɵԙ ɬԛɫɿɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿԙɿɡ.
ɒɟɲɭɿ:
Ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɵԙ ɬԛɫɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬԛɡɭɿɲɿɧɿԙ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɬɿɤ
ɞɟԙɝɟɣɲɟɫɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɵɞɵɪɚɭ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ
( )
ɦԥɧɿɦɟɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɥɚɞɵ
(10-
ԕɨɫɵɦɲɚ).
ȿɫɟɩɬɟɭɞɟ 1 ɦɨɥɶ ɠԝɬɵɥɚɬɵɧ ɡɚɬԕɚ ɦɵɧɚ ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ
ɤɟɥɟɞɿ:
= E N
Ⱥ
= h
N
Ⱥ
= h
ɫ
N
Ⱥ
/ (1)
ɦԝɧɞɚԑɵ
E
– ɠɚɪɵԕ (ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɧɵԙ) ɠԝɬɵɥɭɵɧɵԙ ɤɜɚɧɬɬɵԕ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵ;
N
Ⱥ
– Ⱥɜɨɝɚɞɪɨ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵɫɵ; h – ɉɥɚɧɤ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵɫɵ; ɫ
– ɠɚɪɵԕ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ; ɠԥɧɟ – ɠԝɬɵɥɚɬɵɧ ɠɚɪɵԕɬɵԙ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ
ɠɢɿɥɿɝɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɬɨɥԕɵɧ ԝɡɵɧɞɵԑɵ .
(1) ɬɟԙɞɟɭɞɟɧ ɠԝɬɵɥɚɬɵɧ ɠɚɪɵԕɬɵԙ ɬɨɥԕɵɧ ԝɡɵɧɞɵԑɵɧɵԙ
ɦԥɧɿɧ ɲɵԑɚɪɚɦɵɡ:
= h
ɫ
N
Ⱥ
/ (2)
ȿɫɟɩɬɿԙ ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧɿɧ ɠԥɧɟ 13 ԕɨɫɵɦɲɚɞɚԑɵ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɦɚ
-
ɥɵԕɬɚɪɞɵ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɝɟ (2) ԕɨɹɦɵɡ:
= 6,6
10Ǧ
34
3 10
8
6,02 10
23
/ 167,2 10
3
= 0,71 10
Ǧ
6
ɦ = 710 ɧɦ
Ⱦɟɦɟɤ,
[Cr(H
2
Ɉ)
6
]
3+
ɢɨɧɵ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɞɿԙ ԕɵɡɵɥ ɛԧɥɿɝɿɧ ɠԝɬɚɞɵ,
ɚɥ ɫɭɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɞɟɝɿ ɯɪɨɦ (ȱȱȱ) ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɵ ɠɚɫɵɥ ɬԛɫɤɟ ɛɨɹɥԑɚɧ
(ԕɵɡɵɥԑɚ ԕɨɫɵɦɲɚ).
4
-
ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚ.
Na
2
ɋɈ
3
ɠԥɧɟ [Cu(NH
3
)
4
]SO
4
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɞɿ
ɛɿɪɞɟɣ ɤԧɥɟɦɞɟ, ɛɿɪɞɟɣ ɦɨɥɹɪɥɵԕ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɚ