Упрощенная HTML-версия
349
ɚ
) CrCl
3
+ 6Na
Ɉɇ
o
Na
3
[Cr(OH)
6
] + 3NaCl
ɛ
) Na
3
[Cr(OH)
6
] + H
2
Ɉ
2
o
…
ɜ
) CrCl
3
+ H
2
SO
4
+ H
2
Ɉ
2
o
…
ΘΡɪɚɥɞɚɪ ɠΩɧɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɬɟɪ:
ɋɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɪ, ɯɪɨɦ (ɒ)
ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿɧɿԙ CrCl
3
, ɫɭɬɟɝɿ ɚɫԕɵɧ ɬɨɬɵԑɵɧɵԙ ɇ
2
Ɉ
2
, ɤԛɤɿɪɬ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵɧɵԙ H
2
SO
4
ɠԥɧɟ ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿɧɿԙ NaɈɇ
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿ.
ɌΩɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿΝ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɭɵ.
ȿɤɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ 1
-
2 ɦɥ
-
ɞɟɧ
ɫԝɪԑɵɥɬ
-
ɤԛɥɝɿɧ ɬԛɫɬɿ ɯɪɨɦ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿ CrCl
3
ɬԝɡɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ
ԕԝɣɵԙɵɡ. Ȼɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿɧ NaɈɇ
ɟɪɿɝɟɧɲɟ,
ɚɥԑɚɲɵɧɞɚ
ɠɚɫɵɥ
ɬԛɫɬɿ
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɨɤɟɲɟɧɧɿԙ
Na
3
[Cr(OH)
6
] ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿɦɟɧ ɫԝɪ
-
ɠɚɫɵɥ ɯɪɨɦ (III) ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿɧɿԙ
ɬԝɧɛɚɫɵ ɬԛɫɤɟɧɲɟ ԕԝɣɵԙɵɡ, ɚɥ ɟɤɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ
-
ɫɨɥ ɤԧɥɟɦɞɟ
ɤԛɤɿɪɬ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵɧ H
2
SO
4
. ɋɨɞɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ ԥɪ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ ɬɨɬɵԕ
-
ɬɵɪԑɵɲ ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ ɫɭɬɟɝɿ ɚɫԕɵɧ ɬɨɬɵԑɵɧ ɇ
2
Ɉ
2
ԕɨɫɵԙɵɡ.
Ȼɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɧ [Cr(OH)
6
]
3
Ǧ – ɢɨɧɵ ɠɚɫɵɥ ɬԛɫɬɿ
ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ, CrO
4
2
Ǧ – ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɧɚ ɬԥɧ, ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿԙ ɠɚɫɵɥ ɬԛɫɿɧɿԙ
ԧɡɝɟɪɝɟɧɿɧ ɛɚɣԕɚԙɵɡ. ȿɤɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚ ɇ
2
Ɉ
2
ԥɫɟɪɿɧɟɧ ɬɨɬɵԑɭ
ɠԛɪɦɟɣɬɿɧɿɧɟ ɤԧɡ ɠɟɬɤɿɡɿԙɿɡ.
* ɇ
2
Ɉ
2
ɫɿɥɬɿɥɿ ɨɪɬɚɞɚ ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɬɨɬɵΙ
-
ɫɵɡɞɚɧɚɞɵ:
ɇ
2
Ɉ
2
o
2 ɈɇǦ
5-
ɬΩɠɿɪɢɛɟ.
VIII-
B ɬɨɛɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɤɟɣɛɿɪ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ
ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɞɵɪԑɵɲɬɵԕ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɿ
Ɍɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɥɚɪ:
1)
Ⱥɥɞɵɦɟɧ ɬɟɦɿɪ (ɉ), ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬ (ɉ) ɠԥɧɟ ɧɢɤɟɥɶ (ɉ)
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪɿɧ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɬԝɡɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ ɫɿɥɬɿ ɟɪɿɬɿɧ
-
ɞɿɫɿɦɟɧ ԧɡɚɪɚ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɬɿɪɭ ɠɨɥɵɦɟɧ ɚɥɵԙɵɡ, ɫɨɞɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ
ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɚɭɚɞɚԑɵ ɨɬɬɟɝɟɧɿԙ ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɭɞɚԑɵ ɛɪɨɦԑɚ
ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵɧ ɬɟɤɫɟɪɿԙɿɡ.
2)
Ⱥɡ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ ɬɟɦɿɪ, ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬ ɠԥɧɟ ɧɢɤɟɥɶ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪɿɧɿԙ
ɚɥɵɧɭ ɠԥɧɟ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɬɨɬɵԑɭ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɵɧɚɧ ɛɚɣԕɚɥԑɚɧ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ
ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɪɞɿ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿԙɿɡ.