Упрощенная HTML-версия
345
ɛɨɥɚɞɵ ɠΩɧɟ ɤɟɪɿɫɿɧɲɟ, ɧɟΕΡɪɥɵɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɵΝ (ȿ) ɦΩɧɿ ɚɡ
ɛɨɥΕɚɧ ɫɚɣɵɧ, ɫɨΕΡɪɥɵɦ ɛΡɥ ɠΟɣɟɞɟɝɿ ɬɨɬɵΙɫɵɡɞɚɧ
-
ɞɵɪΕɵɲɬɵΝ ɛɟɥɫɟɧɞɿɥɿɝɿ ɠɨΕɚɪɵ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ:
MnO
4
Ǧ + 8 H
+
+ 5 Ɲ
o
Mn
2+
+ 4 H
2
O, ȿ
0
= + 1,51 B (1)
Fe
3+
+ Ɲ
o
Fe
2+
,
ȿ
0
= + 0,77 B (2)
(1)
– ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɬɨɬɵԕɬɵɪԑɵɲɬɵԕ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɿ (2) – ɠԛɣɟɝɟ
ԕɚɪɚԑɚɧɞɚ ɤԛɲɬɿɪɟɤ, ɫɟɛɟɛɿ ȿ
0
(1) > ȿ
0
(2).
ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ
MnO
4
Ǧ – ɬɨɬɵԕɬɵɪԑɵɲ (Ɍɲ), ɚɥ
Fe
2+
–
ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɞɵɪԑɵɲ (Ɍɡɲ) ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ.
Ⱦɟɦɟɤ, ɌɌɊ
-
ɧɵԙ ɬɿɡɛɟɝɿɧɿԙ ɫԝɥɛɚɫɵ ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɬԛɪɞɟ ɠɚɡɵɥɚɞɵ:
MnO
4
Ǧ + Fe
2+
o
Mn
2+
+ Fe
3+
Ⱦɟɦɟɤ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɬɵ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɦԥɧɿɧ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɚ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟ ԧɡ ɛɟɬɿɧɲɟ ɠԛɪɟɬɿɧ ɌɌɊ ɫԝɥɛɚɫɵɧ ԕԝɪɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
Ɍɨɬɵԑɭ
-
ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɭ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɵɧɵԙ ɦԥɧɿ ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɡɚɬɬɵԙ ɌɎ
ɦɟɧ ɌɡɎ
-
ɧɵԙ, ɫɭɬɟɤ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɛɟɥɫɟɧɞɿ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɚ
(ԕԝɪɚɦɵɧɞɚ ɨɬɬɟɝɿ ɛɚɪ ɢɨɧɞɚɪ ԛɲɿɧ) ɠԥɧɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɫɵɧɚ
ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿɥɿɝɿ
ɇɟɪɧɫɬ ɬɟΝɞɟɭɿɦɟɧ
ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɥɟɞɿ:
)
ɌɡɎ
(a
)
ɌɎ
(a lg
n
059 ,0 E
)
ɌɡɎ
(a
)
ɌɎ
(a lg
nF
RT3,2 E
)
ɌɡɎ
(a
)
ɌɎ
(a ln
nF
RT EE
0
0
0
ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ,
MnO
4
Ǧ
-
ɧɟɧ
Mn
2+
-
ɝɟ ɞɟɣɿɧ ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɭɵɧɵԙ ɪɟɚɥɞɵ
ɬɨɬɵԑɭ
-
ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɭ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɵɧɵԙ ɦԥɧɿ:
) Mn (a
)H(a) MnO (a lg
5
059 ,0 ) Mn /
MnO (E ) Mn /
MnO (E
2
8
4
2
4
0
2
4
ɗɄɋɉȿɊɂɆȿɇɌɌȱɄ ȻԦɅȱɆ
1-
ɬΩɠɿɪɢɛɟ.
Ɇɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɬɨɬɵԕɵɡɞɚɧɞɵɪԑɵɲɬɵԕ
ԕɚɫɢɟɬɬɟɪɿ
Ɍɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɥɚɪ
1)
Ɍԧɦɟɧɞɟɝɿ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɵ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɿԙɿɡ:
ɚ)
CuSO
4
+ Zn
o
…