Упрощенная HTML-версия
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ɌΩɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿΝ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɭɵ
.
Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɥɚɪɵ ɠɨԑɚɪɵɞɚ
ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɞɿ ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚɭ ԛɲɿɧ (ɨԕɵɬɭɲɵɧɵԙ
ɤԧɪɫɟɬɭɿɦɟɧ) ɬɟɯɧɨɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɚɪɚɡɵɞɚ 0,1 ɞɟɣɿɧɝɿ ɞԥɥɞɿɤɩɟɧ
CaCl
2
· 6H
2
O
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɵɧɵԙ ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵɧ ԧɥɲɟԙɿɡ. Ȼɸɪɟɬɤɚ
ɤԧɦɟɝɿɦɟɧ ɫɭɞɵԙ ԕɚɠɟɬɬɿ ɤԧɥɟɦɿɧ ԧɥɲɟԙɿɡ. ɋɨɞɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ
ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚɥԑɚɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɬɵԑɵɡɞɵԑɵɧ ɚɪɟɨɦɟɬɪ ɤԧɦɟɝɿɦɟɧ
ԧɥɲɟԙɿɡ. Ⱥɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɧԥɬɢɠɟɥɟɪɞɿ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɦɚɥɵԕɬɚԑɵ ɦԥɥɿɦɟɬ
-
ɬɟɪɦɟɧ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɵԙɵɡ.
Ԕԝɪԑɚԕ ɬԝɡɞɵԙ ɦɚɫɫɚɥɵԕ ԛɥɟɫɿ ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɞɿ
ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚɭ ԛɲɿɧ, ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɭɞɵԙ ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɚɭ
ԛɲɿɧ ԕɚɠɟɬ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ:
ɦɚɫɫɚɥɵԕ ԛɥɟɫɿ 5% ԕԝɪԑɚԕ ɬԝɡɞɵԙ
CaCl
2
100 ɦɥ
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚɭ ԛɲɿɧ ԕɚɠɟɬ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬ
CaCl
2
· 6H
2
O
ɩɟɧ ɫɭɞɵԙ ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɧɿɡ. Ɇɚɫɫɚɥɵԕ ԛɥɟɫɬɿ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭ
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɫɵɦɟɧ 100ɝ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɞɟɝɿ ԕԝɪԑɚԕ ɬԝɡɞɵԙ
CaCl
2
ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵɧ
ɬɚɛɚɦɵɡ:
m (CaCl
2
) = Ȧ(
CaCl
2
) · m
o
m (CaCl
2
) = 0,005 · 5,0ɝ
5,0 ɝ ԕԝɪԑɚԕ ɬԝɡ
CaCl
2
, ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵ
CaCl
2
· 6H
2
O
ԕԝɪɚɣɞɵ: 5,0 ·
219/111 = 9,86ɝ, ɦԝɧɞɚ 219 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ
-
ɦɨɥɹɪɥɵԕ ɦɚɫɫɚ
CaCl
2
·
6H
2
O
; 111 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ – ɦɨɥɹɪɥɵԕ ɦɚɫɫɚ
CaCl
2
ɬԝɡɞɚɧ. Ɉɫɵɞɚɧ,
ɫɭɞɵԙ ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵ 100 – 9,86 = 90,14 ɝ
-
ԕɚ ɬɟԙ.
Ⱦɟɦɟɤ, ɦɚɫɫɚɥɵԕ ԛɥɟɫɿ 5%
-
ɞɵԕ
CaCl
2
-
ɞɵԙ 100ɝ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ
ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚɭ ԛɲɿɧ 9,8ɝ
CaCl
2
· 6H
2
O
ɠԥɧɟ 90,14ɝ ɫɭ ԕɚɠɟɬ.
Ɇɟɧɲɿɤɬɿ ɫɚɥɦɚԕɬɵ ɬɟɡ, ɛɿɪɚԕ ɲɚɦɚɥɚɩ ɬɚɛɭ ԛɲɿɧ ɚɪɟɨɦɟɬɪ
ԕɨɥɞɚɧɵɥɚɞɵ. Ɉɥ ɿɲɿɧɟ ɛɵɬɵɪɚ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɫɵɧɚɩ ɫɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ,
ɦɨɣɧɵɧɞɚ ɛԧɥɿɤɬɟɪɝɟ ɛԧɥɿɧɝɟɧ ɲɤɚɥɚɫɵ ɛɚɪ ԝɡɵɧ ɠɿԙɿɲɤɟ ɬԛɬɿɤ.
Ⱥɪɟɨɦɟɬɪ ԥɪ ɬԛɪɥɿ ɬɟɪɟԙɞɿɤɤɟ ɛɚɬɚɞɵ. Ȼԝɥ ɤɟɡɞɟ ɨɥ, ɨɫɵ
ɫԝɣɵԕɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɚɪɟɨɦɟɬɪ ɫɚɥɦɚԑɵɧɚ ɬɟԙ ɫɚɥɦɚԕɬɵ ɤԧɥɟɦɞɟɪɿɧ,
ɞɟɦɟɤ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɦɟɧɲɿɤɬɿ ɫɚɥɦɚԕɬɚɪɵɧɚ ɤɟɪɿ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥ
ɤԧɥɟɦɞɟɪɿɧ ɵԑɵɫɬɵɪɵɩ ɲɵԑɚɪɚɞɵ. ȿɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿԙ ɬɵԑɵɡɞɵԑɵ ɚɡ
ɛɨɥԑɚɧ ɫɚɣɵɧ, ɫɨɥ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɝɟ ɚɪɟɨɦɟɬɪ ɬɟɪɟԙ ɛɚɬɚɞɵ. ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ
ɚɪɟɨɦɟɬɪ ɬɚԙɞɚɭɞɚ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿԙ ɬɵԑɵɡɞɵԑɵɧ ԕɚɠɟɬ ɛɨɥɠɚɦɞɚ ɛɿɥɭ
ɤɟɪɟɤ. Ⱥɪɟɨɦɟɬɪ ɫԝɣɵԕԕɚ ɲɤɚɥɚɫɵɧɵԙ ԕɚɣ ɛԧɥɿɤ ɫɵɡɵԕɲɚɫɵɧɚ
ɞɟɣɿɧ ɛɚɬɫɚ, ɫɨɥ ɫɵɡɵԕɲɚ ɨɫɵ ɫԝɣɵԕɬɵԙ ɦɟɧɲɿɤɬɿ ɫɚɥɦɚԑɵɧ
ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ. Ԧɥɲɟɦɞɿ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɝɟ ɞɚɣɵɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿ ԕԝɹɞɵ ɠԥɧɟ
ɚɪɟɨɦɟɬɪɞɿ ɬԛɩɤɟ ɠԥɧɟ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪ ԕɚɛɵɪԑɚɫɵɧɚ ɬɢɦɟɣɬɿɧɞɟɣ,
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿ ɟɪɤɿɧ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɚɬɵɧɞɚɣ ɟɬɿɩ ɠɿɛɟɪɟɞɿ. ȿɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɝɟ ɠɿɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ
ɚɪɟɨɦɟɬɪɞɿԙ ɛԧɥɿɧɭ ɲɤɚɥɚɫɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿԙ ɬɵԑɵɡɞɵԑɵɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ.