Упрощенная HTML-версия
314
4-
ɬ
Ωɠɿɪɢɛɟ
. Ԕɨɫɩɚɥɚɪ ɬɚɛɢԑɚɬɵɧɵԙ ɟɪɿɝɿɲɬɿɤɤɟ ԥɫɟɪɿ
Ɍɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɥɚɪ:
1)
Ɍԧɦɟɧɞɟɝɿ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɚɡ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɬɚɪ
ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿɧɿԙ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵɧ ɠɚɡɵɩ, ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɿԙɿɡ.
2)
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹɞɚɧ ɛɚɣԕɚɥɚɬɵɧ ɫɵɪɬԕɵ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɪɞɿ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿԙɿɡ.
ΘΡɪɚɥɞɚɪ ɠΩɧɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɬɟɪ
. ɋɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɪ, ɤɚɥɶɰɢɣ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿ
CaCl
2
, ɛɚɪɢɣ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿ
BaCl
2
, ԕɨɪԑɚɫɵɧ ɚɰɟɬɚɬɵ
(CH
3
COO)
2
Pb
ɠԥɧɟ ɤɚɥɢɣ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɵ
K
2
CrO
4
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿ.
ɌΩɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿΝ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɭɵ
. Ԛɲ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɵ ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚԙɵɡ,
ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ 1
-
2ɦɥ
CaCl
2
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ, ɟɤɿɧɲɿɝɟ
BaCl
2
,
ԛɲɿɧɲɿɝɟ
(CH
3
COO)
2
Pb
ԕԝɣɵԙɵɡ. ɋɨɞɚɧ ɫɨԙ ɛɚɪɥɵԕ
ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɪԑɚ ɛɿɪɞɟɣ ɭɚԕɵɬɬɚ 1
-
2ɦɥ
-
ɞɟɧ
K
2
CrO
4
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ
ԕɨɫɵԙɵɡ. Ɍԛɫɿɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɬԝɧɛɚԑɚ ɬԛɫɭɿɧ ɛɚԕɵɥɚԙɵɡ.
5-
ɬΩɠɿɪɢɛɟ.
Ԥɪɬԛɪɥɿ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɞɚԑɵ
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɞɿ ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚɭ
Ɍɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɥɚɪ:
1)
ɋɭɫɵɡ ɬԝɡɞɵԙ ɦɚɫɫɚɥɵԕ ԛɥɟɫɿ 2%
-
ɞɚɧ 20%
-
ԑɚ ɞɟɣɿɧɝɿ 100
ɦɥ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɞɿ ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚɭ ԛɲɿɧ ԕɚɠɟɬ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɣ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿ
CaCl
2
· 6H
2
O
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɵɧɵԙ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɭɞɵԙ ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵɧ ɟɫɟɩ
-
ɬɟԙɿɡ ɠԥɧɟ ɨɫɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɞɿ ɞɚɣɵɧɞɚԙɵɡ.
2)
Ⱦɚɣɵɧɞɚɥԑɚɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɬɵԑɵɡɞɵԑɵɧ ɚɪɟɨɦɟɬɪ ɤԧɦɟ
-
ɝɿɦɟɧ ԧɥɲɟԙɿɡ ɠԥɧɟ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɦɚɥɵԕɩɟɧ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɵԙɵɡ; ɬԥɠɿɪɢ
-
ɛɟɧɿԙ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ԕɚɬɟɥɿɝɿɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟԙɿɡ (ǻ
,%).
Ȧ, %
2
4
6
8
10
16
20
U
,
ɝ/ɦɥ
1,015
1,032
1,049
1,066
1,083
1,139
1,177
ΘΡɪɚɥɞɚɪ ɠΩɧɟ ɪɟɚɬɢɜɬɟɪ
. Ⱥɪɟɨɦɟɬɪ ɠɢɵɧɬɵԑɵ ȡ = 1,000
÷1,180ɝ/ɦɥ), ɬɟɯɧɨɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɚɪɚɡɵ, 50
-
100 ɦɥ
-
ɥɿɤ ԧɥɲɟɭɿɲ
ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɥɟɪ, 50 ɦɥ
-
ɥɿɤ ɛɸɪɟɬɤɚɥɚɪ, 100 ɦɥ
-
ɥɿɤ ԧɥɲɟɭɿɲ ɛɟɫ
ɫɬɚɤɚɧ, ɤɚɥɶɰɢɣ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɿ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɵ
CaCl
2
· 6H
2
O
(ԝɧɬɚԕ), ɞɢɫɬɢɥɞɟɧɝɟɧ ɫɭ
H
2
O.