Упрощенная HTML-версия
289
ǻɇ°
ɯ.ɪ.
=
Ȉ
n (
ǻɇ°
ԧɧɿɦ ɬԛɡɿɥɭ
)
–
Ȉ
n (
ǻɇ
ɛɚɫɬ.ɡɚɬ ɬԛɡɿɥɭ
)
,
ɦԝɧɞɚԑɵ
ǻɇ°
ɬԛɡɿɥɭ
(ɧɟɦɟɫɟ
ǻɇ°
f
, formation
– ɬԛɡɿɥɭ ɫԧɡɿɧɟɧ) –
ɡɚɬ ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿɧɿԙ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɬɵ ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹɫɵ, ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ;
n
– ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ
ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɬɟɪ.
Ƚɟɫɫ ɡɚԙɵ ɤɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ԛɞɟɪɿɫɬɿԙ ɠɵɥɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿ ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧ
ɟɫɟɩɬɟɭɝɟ ɦԛɦɤɿɧɞɿɤ ɛɟɪɟɞɿ. Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ, ԕɚɬɬɵ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ (ɤɪɢɫ
-
ɬɚɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɬɚɪ ɬԛɡɟɬɿɧ) ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɹɫɵ ɠɵɥɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿɧɿԙ
ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧ ɬɭɪɚ ɠɨɥɦɟɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɦɚɣɞɵ. ɋɭɫɵɡ ԕɚɬɬɵ
ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɚɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɭɞɚɧ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿ ɫɭɫɵɡ
ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɛɟɬɤɿ ԕɚɛɚɬɵ ɫɭɦɟɧ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɤɟɧɲɟ,
ɬɟɤ ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵɞɚ ɠɵɥɞɚɦ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ, ɫɨɞɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɛԥɫɟԙɞɟɣɞɿ,
ɤԧɩɤɟ ɞɟɣɿɧ ɚɹԕɬɚɥɦɚɣɞɵ.
ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ ɛɿɪɝɟ, ԛɞɟɪɿɫ ɫɭɞɚ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɟɪɭɿɦɟɧ ɤԛɪɞɟɥɟɧɟɞɿ.
Ȼɿɪɚԕ Ƚɟɫɫ ɡɚԙɵɧɵԙ ɤԧɦɟɝɿɦɟɧ ɟɝɟɪ, ɫɭɫɵɡ ɬԝɡɞɵԙ ( ɇ
1
) ɟɪɭɿɧɿԙ
ɠɵɥɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ
(
ɇ
2
) ɟɪɭɿɧɿԙ
ɠɵɥɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɹɧɵԙ
(
ɇ
ȽɂȾɊ.
) ɠɵɥɭ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿɧ ɬԧɦɟɧɞɟɝɿ ɬɟԙɞɟɭ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ:
ɇ
ȽɂȾɊ.
=
ɇ
1
– ɇ
2
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ
: ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵ Na
2
SɈ
4
(ɚ) ԕԝɪԑɚԕ ɬԝɡɵɧɵԙ ɟɪɭ
ԛɞɟɪɿɫɿɧ ɟɤɿ ɫɚɬɵɞɚ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɭɝɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ: ɬԝɡɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɹɫɵ (ɛ)
ɠԥɧɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɟɪɭɿ (ɜ):
(ɚ)
Na
2
SɈ
4
(
ԕ
) + (n + 10)
ɇ
2
Ɉ (ɫ
) =
Na
2
SɈ
4
(
ɟɪ
-
ɞɿ
) + (n + 10)
ɇ
2
Ɉ (ɟɪ
-
ɞɿ
),
ɇ
1
(ɛ)
Na
2
SɈ
4
(
ԕ) + 10ɇ
2
Ɉ(ɫ
) =
Na
2
SɈ
4
· 10ɇ
2
Ɉ (ԕ
),
ɇ
ȽɂȾɊ.
(ɜ)
Na
2
SɈ
4
· 10ɇ
2
Ɉ (ԕ
) + n
ɇ
2
Ɉ(ɫ
) =
Na
2
SɈ
4
(
ɟɪ
-
ɞɿ
) + (n + 10)
ɇ
2
Ɉ (ɟɪ
-
ɞɿ
),
ɇ
2
ɇɚɬɪɢɣ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵ ԕԝɪԑɚԕ ɬԝɡɵɧɵԙ Na
2
SɈ
4
ɟɪɭɿ ɠɵɥɭ
ɛԧɥɿɧɭɦɟɧ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ, ɹԑɧɢ, ɇ
1
=
– 2,9 ɤȾɠ 0, ɚɥ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɨɝɢɞ
-
ɪɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɟɪɭɿ, ɤɟɪɿɫɿɧɲɟ – ɠɵɥɭɞɵԙ ɫɿԙɿɪɿɥɭɿɦɟɧ, ɹԑɧɢ, ɇ
2
=
78,7 ɤȾɠ
0.
ɇ
1
ɠԥɧɟ
ɇ
2
ɦԥɧɞɟɪɿɧ ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɚ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ɧɚɬɪɢɣ
ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵɧɵԙ
Na
2
SɈ
4
ɇ
ȽɂȾɊ.
ɟɫɟɩɬɟɣɦɿɡ :
ɇ
ȽɂȾɊ.
=
ɇ
1
– ɇ
2
=
–
2,9
–
78,7 =
– 81,6 ɤȾɠ
19
–
3/129-15