Упрощенная HTML-версия
25
ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪ ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɵ ɬɟɤ ԧɬɟ ɠɨԑɚɪɵ ɬɟɦɩɟ
-
ɪɚɬɭɪɚɞɚ ɛɿɪ
-
ɛɿɪɿɧɟɧ ɛԧɥɟɤ, ɛɨɫ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. Ȼɚɫԕɚ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɥɚɪɞɚ
ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪ ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɵ ԥɪɬԛɪɥɿ ɡɚɬɬɚɪ
–
ɠɚɣ
ɠԥɧɟ
ɤΟɪɞɟɥɿ
ɡɚɬɬɚɪ ɬԛɡɟ ɛɿɪɿɝɟɞɿ.
Ɂɚɬ
–
ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪɞɵΝ ɬɟɤ ɛɿɪ Εɚɧɚ ɬΟɪɿɧɿΝ
ɠɢɵɧɬɵΕɵ
.
ɀɚɣ ɡɚɬ
–
ɛɿɪ Εɚɧɚ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɵɧɚɧ
ɬΟɡɿɥɝɟɧ ɡɚɬ
(ɢɧɟɪɬɬɿ ɝɚɡɞɚɪ, ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ, Si, C, H
2
ɠԥɧɟ ɬ.ɛ.).
Ʉԧɩɬɟɝɟɧ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪ ɛɿɪɧɟɲɟ ɠɚɣ ɡɚɬɬɚɪ ɬԛɡɟɞɿ.
Ȼԝɥ ԕԝɛɵɥɵɫ
ɚɥɥɨɬɪɨɩɢɹ
ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ
.
Ⱥɥɥɨɬɪɨɩɢɹ
– ɛɿɪ Εɚɧɚ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɵɧɵΝ
ΙΡɪɵɥɵɫɵ ɦɟɧ Ιɚɫɢɟɬɿ ΩɪɬΟɪɥɿ ɛɿɪɧɟɲɟ ɠɚɣ ɡɚɬ ɬΟɡɭ Ιɚɫɢɟɬɿ.
Ⱥɥɥɨɬɪɨɩɢɹ ɟɤɿ ɫɟɛɟɩɤɟ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɥɝɟɧ:
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɞɚΕɵ ɚɬɨɦ
-
ɞɚɪɞɵΝ ΩɪɬΟɪɥɿ ɫɚɧɵɧɚ
(ɨɬɬɟɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɿ:
Ɉ
2
–
ɨɬɬɟɤ,
Ɉ
3
– ɨɡɨɧ)
ɠԥɧɟ
ɨɥɚɪɞɵΝ ΩɪɬΟɪɥɿ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɞɵΙ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɚɪ ɬΟɡɭɿɧɟ
(ɤԧɦɿɪɬɟɤ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɿ: ɚɥɦɚɡ, ɝɪɚɮɢɬ, ɤɚɪɛɢɧ) ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ.
ɄΟɪɞɟɥɿ ɡɚɬ (ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ Ιɨɫɵɥɵɫ)
–
ΩɪɬΟɪɥɿ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪ ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɵɧɚɧ ΙΡɪɵɥΕɚɧ ɡɚɬɬɚɪ
(H
2
S, KMnO
4
ɠԥɧɟ
ɬ.ɛ.).
Ԥɪɛɿɪ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɚԙɛɚɫɵ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ, ɨɫɵ ɷɥɟ
-
ɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɥɚɬɵɧɲɚ ɚɬɚɭɵɧɵԙ ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɚɥԑɚɲԕɵ ɟɤɿ ԥɪɩɿɦɟɧ
ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɧɟɞɿ:
Fe (Ferrum) -
ɬɟɦɿɪ, Cu (Cuprum)
-
ɦɵɫ, O
(Oxygenium)
– ɨɬɬɟɤ
ɠԥɧɟ ɬ.ɛ.
ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɚԙɛɚɥɚɪ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɡɚɬɬɵԙ ɫɚɧɞɵԕ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɚɩɚɥɵԕ
ԕԝɪɚɦɵɧ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɭ ԛɲɿɧ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɥɚɪɞɵ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɚɞɵ.
Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ
–
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɧɵΝ ɫɚɧɞɵΙ ɠΩɧɟ ɫɚɩɚɥɵΙ ΙΡɪɚɦɵɧ
ɤΫɪɫɟɬɟɬɿɧ, ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɞɚΕɵ Ωɪɛɿɪ ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪ ɬΟɪɿɧɿΝ ɫɚɧɵɧ
ɤΫɪɫɟɬɟɬɿɧ ɬɚΝɛɚɥɵΙ ɠɚɡɛɚ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ:
NaCl ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɫɵ ɧɚɬɪɢɣɞɿԙ 1 ɚɬɨɦɵ ɠԥɧɟ
ɯɥɨɪɞɵԙ 1 ɚɬɨɦɵɧɚɧ ɬԝɪɞɵ.
Ɂɚɬ ɬɭɪɚɥɵ ɬɨɥɵԕ ɦɚԑɥԝɦɚɬ ɚɥɭ ԛɲɿɧ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɞɚԑɵ
ɚɬɨɦ
-
ɞɚɪ ΙɨɫɵɥɵɫɵɧɵΝ ɪɟɬɬɿɥɿɝɿ
ɦɟɧ
Ωɪɛɿɪ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿΝ ɜɚɥɟɧɬ
-
ɬɿɥɿɝɿɧ
ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɬɿɧ
ΙΡɪɵɥɵɦɞɵΙ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɥɚɪ
ԕɨɥɞɚɧɵɥɚɞɵ.
ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ ɬɟΝɞɟɭ
– ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵΝ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɥɵΙ
ɠɚɡɭɵ,
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹԑɚ ɬԛɫɟɬɿɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɧԥɬɢɠɟɫɿɧɞɟ ɬԛɡɿɥɟɬɿɧ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ
ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɥɚɪɵ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɠԛɪɭ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧ
ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɣɞɵ.