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ɛɚɣԕɚɭ. Ȼԝɥ ɵɞɵɫɬɵԙ ɿɲɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɝɚɡɞɚɪɞɵԙ ԕɵɫɵɦɵɧ ɚɬɦɨɫ
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ɮɟɪɚɥɵԕ ɝɚɡɞɚɪԑɚ ɤɟɥɬɿɪɭ ԛɲɿɧ ԕɚɠɟɬ. Ȼɸɪɟɬɤɚ (6) ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
ɛԧɥɿɧɝɟɧ ɫɭɬɟɤɬɿԙ ɤԧɥɟɦɿɧ 0,1 ɦɥ ɝɟ ɞɟɣɿɧɝɿ ɞԥɥɞɿɤɩɟɧ ԧɥɲɟɣɞɿ
(ɦɟɧɢɫɤɬɿԙ ɬԧɦɟɧɝɿ ɲɟɬɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ԧɥɲɟɭ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɿɥɟɞɿ).
Ȼɨɣɥ
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Ɇɚɪɢɨɬɬ ɠԥɧɟ Ƚɟɣ
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Ʌɸɫɫɚɤɬɵԙ ɛɿɪɥɟɫɤɟɧ ɡɚԙɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɫɵɧ ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɚ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ԕɚɥɵɩɬɵ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ ɛԧɥɿɧɝɟɧ
ɫɭɬɟɝɿɧɿԙ ɤԧɥɟɦɿɧ ɬɚɛɚɞɵ:
P
0
·V
0
/T
0
=V·P/T, V
0(H2)
= V·P·T
0
/T·P
0
ɦԝɧɞɚ P
0
,V
0
ɠԥɧɟ T
0
– ԕ.ɠ. ɫɭɬɟɝɿɧɿԙ ԕɵɫɵɦɵ, ɤԧɥɟɦɿ ɠԥɧɟ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɫɵ, ɚɥ P, V ɠԥɧɟ T
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ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɵɧɚ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ
ɦԥɧɞɟɪ.
ɀɨԑɚɪɵɞɚ ɠɚɡɵɥԑɚɧ ԥɞɿɫɬɟ ɫɭ ɛɟɬɿɧɞɟ ɠɢɧɚɥԑɚɧ ɫɭɬɟɝɿɧɞɟ ɫɭ
ɛɭɵ ɛɚɪ. ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɵɞɵɫɬɵԙ ɿɲɤɿ ԕɵɫɵɦɵ, ɹԑɧɢ ɛɸɪɟɬɤɚɞɚԑɵ
(6) ɠԥɧɟ ɵɞɵɫɬɚԑɵ (7) ɫԝɣɵԕɬɵԙ ɛɿɪɞɟɣ ɞɟԙɝɟɣɿ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚɥɵԕ
ԕɵɫɵɦԑɚ ɬɟԙ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɭɬɟɝɿ ԕɵɫɵɦɵ ɦɟɧ ɫɭ ɛɭɵɧɵԙ ԕɨɫɵɧɞɵɫɵɧ
ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ:
Ɋ = Ɋ(
ɇ2
) + Ɋ(
ɇ2Ɉ
)
Ɉɫɵɞɚɧ, ԕ.ɠ. ɛԧɥɿɧɝɟɧ (ɇ
2
)
ɤԧɥɟɦɿ (Ɋ
0
= 760 ɦɦ ɪɬ. ɫɬ., Ɍ
0
=
273 Ʉ) ɦɵɧɚԑɚɧ ɬɟԙ:
V
0
(H
2
) = V·(P
-P
H2O
) ·273/760·(273+t),
ɦԝɧɞɚ t – ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿԙ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɫɵ,
0
ɋ.
Ԕɚɧɵԕԕɚɧ ɫɭ ɛɭɵɧɵԙ Ɋ(
ɇ2Ɉ
) ԕɵɫɵɦɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɦɚɥɵԕɬɚɧ ɚɥɭ
ԕɚɠɟɬ.
ɕԑɵɫɬɵɪɵɥԑɚɧ ɫɭɬɟɝɿɧɿԙ (m
H2
) ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵɧ Ʉɥɚɣɩɟɪɨɧ
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Ɇɟɧɞɟɥɟɟɜɬɿԙ ɢɞɟɚɥ ɝɚɡ ɤԛɣɿɧɿԙ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɣɞɿ:
m
H2
= P·V·M / R·T
ɦԝɧɞɚ Ɋ – ԕɵɫɵɦ, V – ɤԧɥɟɦ, m – ɦɚɫɫɚ, M
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ɝɚɡɞɵԙ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɵԕ ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵ, T – ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ (Ʉ), R – ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥ
(ԥɦɛɟɛɚɩ) ɝɚɡ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵɫɵ (8,314 Ⱦɠ/ɦɨɥɶ ·Ʉ).
ɗɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɡɚԙɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ:
ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵΝ Ϋɡɚɪɚ Ωɪɟɤɟɬ
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ɬɟɫɟɬɿɧ ɦΫɥɲɟɪɥɟɪɿ ɨɥɚɪɞɵΝ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɬɟɪɿɧɟ ɬɭɪɚ
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥ:
m
1
/m
2
= ɗ
1
/ɗ
2