Упрощенная HTML-версия
221
x
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɪɦɟɧ Ωɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɿ:
ɚɦɮɨɬɟɪɥɿ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ ɫɿɥɬɿ
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿɦɟɧ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ɬΡɡ
, ɚɥ ɫɿɥɬɿ ɛɚɥԕɵɦɚɥɚɪɵɦɟɧ –
ɨɪɬɚɲɚ ɬΡɡ
ɬԛɡɟ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɟɞɿ:
Zn + 2ɇ
2
O + 2NɚɈɇ (ɟɪ-ɞɿ.)
o
Nɚ
2
[Zn(Ɉɇ)
4
] + ɇ
2
n
Zn (Ɉɇ)
2
+ 2NaɈɇ (ԕ.)
o
Na
2
ZnɈ
2
+ 2ɇ
2
Ɉ
n
x
ɬΡɡɞɚɪɦɟɧ Ωɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɿ:
ɛɟɥɫɟɧɞɿɥɿɝɿ ɠɨԑɚɪɵ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ
ɬԝɡɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɫɭɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɟɧ ɛɟɥɫɟɧɞɿɥɿɝɿ ɬԧɦɟɧ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɵ
ɵԑɵɫɬɵɪɵɩ ɲɵԑɚɪɚɞɵ:
Zn + FɟSɈ
4
o
ZɩSɈ
4
+ Fɟ
Fɟ + ɋuSɈ
4
o
FɟSɈ
4
+ ɋu
x
ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ ɛɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɦɟɧ Ωɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɿ:
Ɇɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ ɛɿɪ-ɛɿɪɿɦɟɧ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɩɟɣɞɿ, ɛɿɪɚԕ ɠɨԑɚɪɵ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɞɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɞɬɟɪ ɬԛɡɟɞɿ:
Ⱥg – Ⱥu, Ⱥg
2
Zn
5
, Ⱥg –
Ɋb, Ⱥu – Pt, ɋu
3
Sn
.
Ɇɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ ɿɫ ɠԛɡɿɧɞɟ ɛɚɪɥɵԕ ɛɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɦɟɧ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɟ
ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ɛɢɧɚɪɥɵ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ ɬԛɡɟɞɿ:
ɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪ, ɤɚɪɛɢɞɬɟɪ,
ɝɢɞɪɢɞɬɟɪ, ɧɢɬɪɢɞɬɟɪ, ɮɨɫɮɢɞɬɟɪ, ɫɢɥɢɰɢɞɬɟɪ, ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɬɟɪ
ɠԥɧɟ ɬ.ɛ.
Ⱥɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚɞɚ ɨɬɬɟɤ (O
2
) ɛɟɥɫɟɧɞɿ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ
ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪ
,
ԕɚɥԑɚɧ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ ɠɨԑɚɪɵ
ɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪ
ɬԛɡɟɞɿ;
Ⱥu, Ɋt
ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɩɟɣɞɿ:
ɋɚ + ɇ
2
o
ɋɚɇ
2
Fɟ + S
o
FɟS 3ɋɚ + 2Ɋ
o
ɋɚ
3
Ɋ
2
3ɋɚ + N
2
o
ɋɚ
3
N
2
2Ɇg + Sɿ
o
Ɇg
2
Sɿ 2Ʉ + Ɉ
2
o
Ʉ
2
Ɉ
2
2Fɟ + 3ɋ1
2
o
2Fɟɋ1
3
3Fɟ + 2Ɉ
2
o
Fɟ
3
Ɉ
4
ȼɚ + Ɉ
2
o
ȼɚɈ
2
13.3 ɩʺˇːʺ˘ʲˏʹʲ˕ʹ˩ ʲˏ˙ ʾˬˑʺ ˓ˏʲ˕ʹ˩˒
ˠˆːˆˮˏ˩ˌ ˌʲ˖ˆʺ˘˘ʺ˕˲
ȻɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵΝ ɚɥɵɧɭɵ
Ȼɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵ ԧɧɞɿɪɿɫɬɿɤ, ɫɨɧɞɚɣ-ɚԕ ɡɟɪɬɯɚɧɚɥɵԕ ԥɞɿɫ-
ɬɟɪɦɟɧ ɚɥɚɞɵ.
ɋɭɬɟɤ (ɇ
2
)
* Ϋɧɞɿɪɿɫɬɟ
ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ԥɞɿɫɬɟɪɦɟɧ ɚɥɵɧɚɞɵ: