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Ȼɚɫԕɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ (Fe) ɨɤɫɢɞɬɿɤ ԕɚɛɵɪɲɵԕɬɚɪɵ ɠԝɦɫɚԕ,
ɿɲɿ ԕɭɵɫ, ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɛɟɪɿɤ ɟɦɟɫ, ԥɫɿɪɟɫɟ ԕɵɡɞɵɪԑɚɧɞɚ
ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɹԑɚ ɬɟɡ ԝɲɵɪɚɣɞɵ.
(Fe) ɬɟɦɿɪɞɿԙ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɿ:
2Fe + O
2
= 2FeO
,
4Fe + 3 O
2
= 2Fe
2
O
3
,
3Fe + 2O
2
= FeO
Fe
2
O
3
,
4Fe + 3O
2
+ 6H
2
O = 4Fe(OH)
3
,
Fe(OH)
3
= H
2
O + FeOOH (ԕɚԕ)
x
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɹ
– ɠΟɣɟɞɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪ ɬɨΕɵ
ɩɚɣɞɚ
ɛɨɥɝɚɧɞɚΕɵ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɟɪ
ɦɟɧ
ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵΝ
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫΙɚ ɬΟɫɭɿ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚΕɵ ɛΡɡɵɥɭɵ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɹ ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɵΝ ɫɭɦɟɧ
Ωɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɿ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚ ɟɤɿ Οɞɟɪɿɫ ɠΟɪɟɞɿ:
¾
ɚɧɨɞɬɵΙ Οɞɟɪɿɫ
– ɦɟɬɚɥɞɵΝ ɬɨɬɵΕɭɵ:
Me
0
–
n Ɲ
o
Me
n+
¾
ɤɚɬɨɞɬɵΙ Οɞɟɪɿɫ
– ɨɪɬɚ ΙΡɪɚɦɞɚɫɬɚɪɵɧɵΝ ɬɨɬɵΙɫɵɡ-
ɞɚɧɭɵ:
*
ɛɟɣɬɚɪɚɩ ɠΩɧɟ ɫɿɥɬɿɥɿɤ ɨɪɬɚɥɚɪɞɚ
ɨɬɬɟɤ ɬɨɬɵΙ-
ɫɵɡɞɚɧɚɞɵ
:
O
2
+ 2H
2
O + 4Ɲ
o
4OHǦ
*
ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɵΙ ɨɪɬɚɞɚ
ɫɭɬɟɤ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ ɬɨɬɵΙɫɵɡɞɚɧɚɞɵ
:
2H
+
+ 2Ɲ
o
H
2
n
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ:
ɬɟɦɿɪ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɹɫɵ ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
ɠԛɪɟɞɿ:
*
ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɵΙ ɨɪɬɚɞɚ:
Fe + 2HCl
o
FeCl
2
+ H
2
n
ɨɫɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɫԝɥɛɚɫɵ: (
–
) Fe | Fe
2+
|| HCl || 2H
+
| H
2
(+)
*
ɛɟɣɬɚɪɚɩ ɠΩɧɟ ɫɿɥɬɿɥɿɤ ɨɪɬɚɞɚ
: 2Fe + O
2
+ 2H
2
O = 2Fe(OH)
2
ɨɫɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɫԝɥɛɚɫɵ:
(
–
) Fe | Fe
2+
|| O
2
, H
2
O || O
2
, 2H
2
O | 4OHǦ (+)
Ɍԛɡɿɥɟɬɿɧ Fe(OH)
2
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɿ ɚɭɚɞɚԑɵ ɨɬɬɟɝɿɦɟɧ ɠɟԙɿɥ
ɬɨɬɵԑɚɞɵ:
4Fe(OH)
2
+ O
2
+ 2H
2
O = 4Fe(OH)
3