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11.2 ʊʊʇ ˘ʺ˒ʹʺ˙˲ˑ˲˒ ˌ˜˕˩ˏ˙˩ ʾˬˑʺ ˘ʺ˒ʺ˖˘˲˕˲ˏ˙˲
Ɍɨɬɵԑɭ-ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɭ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ
ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧɿԙ
ԕԝɪɵɥɭɵ
ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚ ɟɤɿ ԥɞɿɫ ɩɚɣɞɚɥɚɧɚɞɵ: ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɵԕ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɠԥɧɟ
ɠɚɪɬɵɥɚɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ (ɢɨɧɞɵ-ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɵԕ ԥɞɿɫ).
ȿɤɿɧɲɿ ԥɞɿɫ ɫɭɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɞɟ ɠԛɪɟɬɿɧ ɌɌɊ-ɞɵ ɬɟԙɟɫɬɿɪɭɝɟ
ɵԙԑɚɣɥɵ, ԧɣɬɤɟɧɿ ɨɫɵ ԥɞɿɫɬɿ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɭ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚ ɠɟɤɟɥɟɝɟɧ
ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɬɨɬɵԑɭ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭ ɦɿɧɞɟɬɬɿ ɟɦɟɫ, ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹԑɚ
ԕɚɬɵɫɚɬɵɧ ɢɨɧɞɚɪ ɡɚɪɹɞɵɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭ ɠɟɬɤɿɥɿɤɬɿ. Ȼԝɥ ԥɞɿɫ
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɞɟ ɧɚԕɬɵɥɵ ɛɚɪ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɪ ɦɟɧ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɡɚɪɹɞɬɚɪɵɧ
ɠԥɧɟ ԕԝɪɚɦ ԧɡɝɟɪɝɟɧ ɤɟɡɞɟɝɿ ɧɚԕɬɵɥɵ ɠԛɪɟɬɿɧ ԛɞɟɪɿɫɬɟɪɞɿ
ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɞɵ (ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿ-ɞɟ S
4+
, S
6+
, Mn
7+
– ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ ɟɦɟɫ, SO
3
2
Ǧ
,
SO
4
2
Ǧ
, MnO
4
Ǧ
ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ ɛɚɪ).
ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ ԕɚɬɚɪ, ɠɟɤɟɥɟɝɟɧ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɠɚɪɬɵɥɚɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ
ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧ ɠɚɡɭ ɝɚɥɶɜɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɡ ɛɚɪɵ-
ɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ԛɞɟɪɿɫɬɿ ɬԛɫɿɧɭ ԛɲɿɧ ԕɚɠɟɬ ɠԥɧɟ ɠɚɥɩɵ
ԛɞɟɪɿɫɬɿԙ ɛɟɥɫɟɧɞɿ ԕɚɬɵɫɭɲɵɫɵ ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ ɨɪɬɚɧɵԙ ɦԥɧɿɧ
ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ.
ɀɚɪɬɵɥɚɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ Ωɞɿɫɿ ɚɪΙɵɥɵ
ɌɌɊ ΙΡɪɵɥɭ ɠΩɧɟ ɬɟΝɟɫɬɿɪɿɥɭ ɬΩɪɬɿɛɿ
1) ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɿԙ ɬɨɬɵԑɭ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿ (ɬ.ɞ.) ԧɡɝɟɪɟɬɿɧ ɛԧɥɲɟɤɬɟɪɿɧ
ɚɧɵԕɬɚɣ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ɢɨɧɞɵԕ-ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɵԕ ɬԛɪɞɟ ɚɣɧɚɥɭ ɬɟԙɞɟɭ-
ɥɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɫԝɥɛɚɫɵ ɠɚɡɵɥɚɞɵ:
NaN
3+
O
2
+ KMn
7+
O
4
+ H
2
SO
4
o
NaN
5+
O
3
+ Mn
2+
SO
4
+ K
2
SO
4
+H
2
O
NO
2
Ǧ
o
NO
3
Ǧ
MnO
4
Ǧ
o
Mn
2+
2) Ԥɪɛɿɪ ɠɚɪɬɵɥɚɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɢɨɧɞɵ-ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɵԕ
ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɿɧ ԕԝɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɞɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɛɚɪɥɵԕ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ
ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɫɚɧɵɧ ɬɟԙɟɫɬɿɪɟɞɿ:
¾
ɚɥɞɵɦɟɧ ԧɡɿɧɿԙ ɬɨɬɵԑɭ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿɧ ԧɡɝɟɪɬɟɬɿɧ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ
ɚɬɨɦɵɧ ɬɟԙɟɫɬɿɪɟɞɿ;
¾
«ɨɬɬɟɤɬɿ» – ɠɚɪɬɵɥɚɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɨɬɬɟɤ ɠɟɬɿɫɩɟɣ ɬԝɪԑɚɧ
ɠɚԑɵɧɚ, ɫɭ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɫɵɧ ԕɨɫɭ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɬɟԙɟɫɬɿɪɟɞɿ;