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ɋɭɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿԙ ɨɪɬɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɫɢɩɚɬɵ ɫɭɬɟɤ ɠԥɧɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ
ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɥɚɪɵɧɵԙ ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵɧɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ
ɛɟɣɬɚɪɚɩ, ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɫɿɥɬɿɥɿɤ ɛɨɥɭɵ ɦԛɦɤɿɧ.
Ȼɟɣɬɚɪɚɩ ɨɪɬɚ
(
ɬɚɡɚ ɫɭ
):
[ ɇ
+
] = [ ɈɇǦ ], [ ɇ
+
] = ¥ Ʉ
ɋɍ
= 10
ǦǦ
7
Ɇ
ΘɵɲΙɵɥɞɵΙ ɨɪɬɚ
(
ΙɵɲΙɵɥ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ
):
[ ɇ
+
] > [ ɈɇǦ
]
,
[ ɇ
+
] > 10
ǦǦ
7
Ɇ
ɋɿɥɬɿɥɿɤ ɨɪɬɚ
(
ɫɿɥɬɿ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ
):
[ ɇ
+
] < [ ɈɇǦ
]
,
[ ɇ
+
] < 10
ǦǦ
7
Ɇ
ɋɭɬɟɤ (
ɇ
+
) ɠԥɧɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ (
Ɉɇ
Ǧ) ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚ
-
ɰɢɹɥɚɪɵɧɵԙ ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵ ԕɚɥɚɣ ԧɡɝɟɪɫɟ ɞɟ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ
22°ɋ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɞɚ ԥɪԕɚɲɚɧ 10
ǦǦ14
Ɇ ɬɟԙ. Ȼɿɪɚԕ, ɬɟɪɿɫ ɤԧɪ
-
ɫɟɬɤɿɲɬɿ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɥɿ ɫɚɧɞɚɪɞɵ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɭ ԕɨɥɚɣɫɵɡ, ɫɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ,
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿԙ ɨɪɬɚɫɵɧ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɭ ԛɲɿɧ
ɪɇ
ɞɟɩ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɧɟɬɿɧ ɫɭɬɟɤɬɿɤ
ɤԧɪɫɟɬɤɿɲɬɿ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɚɞɵ.
ɋɭɬɟɤɬɿɤ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɤɿɲ (ɪɇ) –
ɫɭɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɞɟɝɿ ɫɭɬɟɤ
ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɧɵΝ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɣɞɵ.
ɋɭɬɟɤɬɿɤ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɤɿɲ (ɪɇ) ɫɚɧɞɵԕ ɬԛɪɞɟ ɫɭɬɟɤ ɢɨɧɵɧɵԙ
ɦɨɥɶɞɿɤ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ɬɟɪɿɫ ɨɧɞɵԕ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɿɧɟ ɬɟԙ:
ɪɇ = – Ɛg [ ɇ
+
]
Ȼɟɣɬɚɪɚɩ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɞɟ
ɪɇ = 7
, ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ –
ɪɇ < 7
,
ɫɿɥɬɿɥɿɤ –
ɪɇ > 7
.
ɋɭɬɟɤɬɿɤ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɤɿɲ (ɪɇ) ɦԥɧɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿԙ
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵԕ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɫɿɥɬɿɥɿɤ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿɧ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ:
ɫɭɥɵ
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɞɟ ɪɇ
-
ɬɵΝ ɦΩɧɿ ɧɟΕΡɪɥɵɦ ɚɡ ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɫɨΕΡɪɥɵɦ
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿΝ ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɵΕɵ ɠɨΕɚɪɵ, ɠΩɧɟ ɤɟɪɿɫɿɧɲɟ, ɫɭɥɵ
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿΝ ɪɇ ɦΩɧɿ Οɥɤɟɧ ɛɨɥΕɚɧ ɫɚɣɵɧ, ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿΝ ɫɿɥɬɿɥɿɝɿ
ɚɪɬɚɞɵ.
ɋɭɬɟɤ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɥɚɪɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ, ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ
ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɭɝɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ, ɠԥɧɟ ɤɟɪɿ
-
ɫɿɧɲɟ:
ɫ(ɇ
+
) = Ʉ
ɋɍ
/ ɫ(ɈɇǦ) ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɫ(ɈɇǦ) = Ʉ
ɋɍ
/ ɫ(ɇ
+
)