Упрощенная HTML-версия
174
ɀɨɫɩɚɪ
1.
Ɉɪɬɚɧɵԙ ɫɭɬɟɤɬɿɤ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɤɿɲɿ
2.
Ƚɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɞɿԙ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿ ɦɟɧ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵ
3.
Ɍԝɡɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɿ
4.
Ƚɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɝɟ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɟɬɿɧ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɥɚɪ
5.
Ɍɨɥɵԕ ɠԥɧɟ ɬɨɥɵԕ ɟɦɟɫ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ
10.1 ʅ˕˘ʲˑ˩˒ ˖˙˘ʺˊ˘˲ˊ ˊ˽˕˖ʺ˘ˊ˲˦˲
Ԥɪɛɿɪ ɛɟɣɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɵԙ ɫɭɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɞɟ
ɫɭɞɵԙ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭɵ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚ ɬԛɡɿɥɟɬɿɧ (
ɇ
+
) ɫɭɬɟɤ ɠԥɧɟ
(
Ɉɇ
Ǧ) ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ:
ɇ
2
Ɉ
ɇ
+
+ ɈɇǦ
ɋɭɞɵԙ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɚ
ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ɫɭɬɟɤ ɠԥɧɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɠɚɥɩɵ ɦԥɧɞɟɪɿɧ
ɟɫɟɩɬɟɭɝɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ:
Ʉ
Ⱦ
· (ɇ
2
Ɉ) = [ ɇ
+
] · [Ɉɇ
ǦǦ
];
Ʉ
Ⱦ
(ɇ
2
Ɉ) 22°ɋ = 1,8 · 10Ǧ
16
ɛɨɥɫɚ, ɨɧɞɚ
ɥ
/
ɦɨɥɶ
56,55
ɥ
1
ɦɨɥɶ
/
ɝ
18
ɝ
1000
]OH[
2
;
ɛԝɞɚɧ [ɇ
+
] · [ɈɇǦ] = 1,8·10Ǧ
16
· 55,56 = 10Ǧ
14
, ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ (Ɇ)
Ȼԝɥ ԧɥɲɟɦ ɫɭ ɠԥɧɟ ԥɪɛɿɪ ɛɟɣɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɵԙ ɫɭɥɵ
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ ԛɲɿɧ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ ɲɚɦɚ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ ɛɨɥԑɚɧ
ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ, ɨɧɵ
ɫɭɞɵΝ ɢɨɧɞɵΙ ɤΫɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ
ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɣɞɵ ɠԥɧɟ
Ʉ
ɋɍ
ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɣɞɿ:
Ʉ
ɋɍ
= [ H
+
] · [ OHǦ ] = 10Ǧ
14
Ɇ