Упрощенная HTML-версия
151
ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɟɩɟ
-
ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɿԙ ɵԑɵɫɭ ɲɚɪɬɬɚɪɵ
Ⱥɡ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤɫɿɡ (ԥɪɬԛɪɥɿ
ɦɨɥɶɞɿɤ) ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɥɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ
ɄɄ
ɚɪԕɵɥɵ, ɚɥ
ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɿ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɥɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ
ȿɄ
ɚɪԕɵɥɵ
ɲɚɪɬɬɵ ɬԛɪɞɟ ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɥɟɞɿ:
ɄɄ = ɫ(K
m+
)
n
· ɫ(A
n
Ǧ)
m
ɠԥɧɟ ȿɄ = [K
m+
]
n
· [A
n
Ǧ]
m
x
Ƚɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɞɿ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟΝɞɿɤɬɿΝ ɲɚɪɬɵ
:
ɄɄ = ȿɄ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɫ(K
m+
)
n
· ɫ(A
n
Ǧ)
m
= [K
m+
]
n
· [A
n
Ǧ]
m
ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ:
X
ɟɪɭ
=
X
ɬԛɫɭ
(
ΙɚɧɵΙΙɚɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿ
ɬԛɡɿɥɟɞɿ).
x
ɌΡɧɛɚΕɚ ɬΟɫɭ ɲɚɪɬɵ
:
ɄɄ > ȿɄ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɫ(K
m+
)
n
· ɫ(A
n
Ǧ)
m
> [K
m+
]
n
· [A
n
Ǧ]
m
ɚɟԕ ɬԝɧɛɚԑɚ ɬԛɫɭ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚ:
X
ɟɪɭ
<
X
ɬԛɫɭ
(
ɚɫɚ ΙɚɧɵΙΙɚɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿ
ɬԛɡɿɥɟɞɿ).
x
ɌΡɧɛɚɧɵ ɟɪɿɬɭ ɲɚɪɬɵ
:
ɄɄ < ȿɄ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɫ(K
m+
)
n
· ɫ(A
n
Ǧ)
m
< [K
m+
]
n
· [A
n
Ǧ]
m
ɚɟԕ ɬԝɧɛɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɟɪɭɿ ɛɚɪɵɫɵɧɞɚ:
X
ɟɪɭ
>
X
ɬԛɫɭ
(
ΙɚɧɵΙɩɚΕɚɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿ
ɬԛɡɿɥɟɞɿ).
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ:
ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɞɿ ɠԛɣɟ ԛɲɿɧ: AgCl
l
Ag
+
+ ClǦ; ȿɄ (AgCl) = 1,8
10Ǧ
10
ɬɟɩɟ
–
ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɿԙ ɲɚɪɬɵ: ɫ (Ag
+
) ɫ (ClǦ) = [Ag
+
] · [ClǦ] = 1,8
10Ǧ
10
ɬԝɧɛɚԑɚ ɬԛɫɭ ɲɚɪɬɵ:
ɫ (Ag
+
) ɫ (ClǦ )
!
1,8
10Ǧ
10
ɬԝɧɛɚɧɵ ɟɪɿɬɭ ɲɚɪɬɵ:
ɫ (Ag
+
) ɫ (ClǦ) 1,8
10Ǧ
10
ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟΝɞɿɤɬɿΝ ɵΕɵɫɭ ɠɨɥɞɚɪɵ
x
ɌΡɧɛɚΕɚ ɬΟɫɭ ɠɨɥɵ:
Ʌɟ ɒɚɬɟɥɶɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɧɟ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ,
ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɿԙ ɚɡ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɵԙ ɬԝɧɛɚԑɚ ɬԛɫɭ
ɠɚԑɵɧɚ ԕɚɪɚɣ ɵԑɵɫɭɵ ԛɲɿɧ ɚɡ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧ ɚɪɬɬɵɪɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ.
ΘɚɧɵΙΙɚɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɝɟ ɚɡ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ
ΙɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɵΝ ɢɨɧɞɚɪ ΙΡɪɚɦɵɧɞɚ ɛɿɪɬɟɤɬɿ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ ɛɚɪ ɤΟɲɬɿ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɟɪɞɿ Ιɨɫɭ ɚɪΙɵɥɵ ɠΟɡɟɝɟ ɚɫɵɪɵɥɚɞɵ.