Упрощенная HTML-версия
150
8.4 ɯ˕˲ʶ˲˦˘˲ˊ ˊ˽ʴʺˇ˘˲ˑʹ˲˖˲
Ʉԧɩɬɟɝɟɧ
ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪ ɚɡ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ (ɚɟԕ)
ɬԛɡɭ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ. Ⱥɡ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɵԙ ɬԝɧɛɚɫɵɧɚɧ ɠԥɧɟ
ԕɚɧɵԕԕɚɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɞɟɧ ɬԝɪɚɬɵɧ ɠԛɣɟɥɟɪ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɞɿ ɛɨɥɵɩ
ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ.
Ɇԝɧɞɚɣ ɠԛɣɟɥɟɪɞɟ ɛɿɪɞɟɣ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԕ ɩɟɧ (
X
) ԛɡɞɿɤɫɿɡ ɟɤɿ
ԛɞɟɪɿɫ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ: ԕɚɬɬɵ ɮɚɡɚɞɚɧ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɝɟ ɚɭɵɫɭɵ (ɚɟԕ
ɟɪɭɿ) ɠԥɧɟ ɬԝɧɛɚ ɛɟɬɿɧɟ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɬԝɧɭɵ (ɚɟԕ ɬԛɫɭɿ).
ɂɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ԕɚɧɵԕԕɚɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ (ɨԙ ɠɚԕɬɚ) ɦɟɧ ɬԝɧɛɚɧɵ (ɫɨɥ
ɠɚԕɬɚ) ɚɡ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫ
Ʉ
n
Ⱥ
m
ԛɲɿɧ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɞɿ ɠԛɣɟɧɿ
ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɣɵԕ:
(ɬԝɧɛɚ) Ʉ
n
Ⱥ
m
l
nK
m+
+ mA
n
Ǧ (ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿ)
«Ɍԝɧɛɚ – ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿ» ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɞɿ ɠԛɣɟɫɿ ԛɲɿɧ ɬɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤ
ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵɧ
ɟɪɿɝɿɲɬɿɤ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ (ȿɄ)
ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɣɞɵ, ԥɫɟɪ
ɟɬɭɲɿ ɦɚɫɫɚɥɚɪ ɡɚԙɵɧɚ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɨɥ ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɲɚɦɚԑɚ ɬɟԙ:
ȿɄ = [K
m+
]
n
· [A
n
Ǧ]
m
ȿɪɿɝɿɲɬɿɤ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɿԙ ɟɪɟɠɟɫɿ:
ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɞɚ
ɚɡ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɵԙ ԕɚɧɵԕԕɚɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɞɟ ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɢɨɧ-
ɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɥɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɤɨɷɮɮɢ-
ɰɢɟɧɬɬɟɪ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿ ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟ ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ ɲɚɦɚ.
ȿɪɿɝɿɲɬɿɤ ɤΫɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ
(ȿɄ)
ɛɿɪ ɬɢɩɬɿ ɚɡ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ ԕɨɫɵ-
ɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɦɚɥɵ ɟɪɿɝɿɲɬɿɝɿɧ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɣɞɵ:
ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɚɡ
ɟɪɢɬɿɧ ΙɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɵΝ ȿɄ-ɧɿΝ ɦΩɧɿ Οɥɤɟɧ ɛɨɥΕɚɧ ɫɚɣɵɧ, ɨɧɵΝ
ɟɪɿɝɿɲɬɿɝɿ ɠɨΕɚɪɵ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
Ⱥɡ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɵԙ ɟɪɿɝɿɲɬɿɝɿɧ ɛɿɥɟ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ɨɧɵԙ ȿɄ
ɨԙɚɣ ɬɚɛɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɤɟɪɿɫɿɧɲɟ. Ⱥɡ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɵԙ ȿɄ-
ɧɿԙ ɦԥɧɿ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɦɚɥɵԕ ԥɞɟɛɢɟɬɬɟɪɞɟ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ.
Ɍɟɩɟ-ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɿ ɚɡ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɵ ɟɪɿɬɭ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɬԝɧɛɚԑɚ
ɬԛɫɿɪɭ ɠɚԑɵɧɚ ԕɚɪɚɣ ɵԑɵɫɬɵɪɚ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ԕɚɧɵԕԕɚɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿ
ԕɚɧɵԕɩɚԑɚɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɝɟ ɚɣɧɚɥɞɵɪɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ, ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɤɟɪɿɫɿɧɲɟ,
ɨɫɵ ɚɡ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɵԙ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɦɟɧ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪԑɚɧɞɚ ɚɫɚ
ԕɚɧɵԕɚɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɝɟ ɚɣɧɚɥɞɵɪɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.