Упрощенная HTML-версия
108
x
ɦɚɫɫɚɦɟɧ ɞɟ, ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɦɟɧ ɞɟ ɚɥɦɚɫɩɚɣɬɵɧ (ɬɚɛɢԑɚɬɬɚ ɨɥɚɪ
ɠɨԕ)
ɨΙɲɚɭɥɚɧΕɚɧ
ɠΟɣɟ
;
x
ɬɟɤ ԕɚɧɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɦɟɧ ɚɥɦɚɫɚɬɵɧ (ɬɵԑɵɧɦɟɧ ɠɚɛɵɥԑɚɧ ɿɲɿɧɞɟ
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ ɛɚɪ ɤɨɥɛɚ)
ɠɚɛɵΙ
ɠΟɣɟ
;
x
ɦɚɫɫɚɦɟɧ ɞɟ, ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɦɟɧ ɞɟ ɚɥɦɚɫɚɬɵɧ
ɚɲɵΙ
(ɚɭɡɵ ɚɲɵԕ,
ɿɲɿɧɞɟ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ ɛɚɪ ɤɨɥɛɚ)
ɠΟɣɟ
.
ɀԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɤԛɣɿɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɣɬɵɧ ԧɡɝɟɪɦɟɥɿ ԧɥɲɟɦɞɟɪ
ɤΟɣɥɟɪɞɿΝ
ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɥɵΙ ɲɚɦɚɥɚɪɵ
ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ. Ɉɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɿɲɿɧɞɟ
ɯɢɦɢɹɞɚ ɠɢɿ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɚɬɵɧ ɦɵɧɚɞɚɣ ԝԑɵɦɞɚɪ ɛɚɪ: ԕɵɫɵɦ,
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɤԧɥɟɦ, ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ԕԝɪɚɦɵ, ɦɚɫɫɚ, ɠɵɥɭ ɫɵɣɵɦɞɵɥɵԕ
ɠԥɧɟ ɬ.ɛ. ȿɝɟɪ ɛԝɥ ɲɚɦɚɥɚɪ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɿ ɛɿɪ ɭɚԕɵɬɬɚ ԧɡɝɟɪɦɟɫɟ, ɨɥɚɪ
ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɥɵΙ ɬɟɩɟ
-
ɬɟΝɞɿɤ ɤΟɣɿɧ
ԕԝɪɚɣɞɵ. Ɍɟɪɦɨɞɢ
-
ɧɚɦɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɲɚɦɚɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɫɚɧɞɵԕ ԧɡɝɟɪɿɫɿ ɠԛɣɟɞɟ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚ
-
ɦɢɤɚɥɵԕ ԛɞɟɪɿɫɬɿԙ ɠԛɡɟɝɟ ɚɫԕɚɧɞɵԑɵɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ.
Ԕɨɣɵɥԑɚɧ ɲɚɪɬԕɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ
ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢ
-
ɧɚɦɢɤɚɥɵΙ Οɞɟɪɿɫɬɟɪ
ɛɨɥɚɞɵ:
x
ɢɡɨɬɟɪɦɢɹɥɵΙ
(Ɍ = const)
x
ɚɞɢɚɛɚɬɚɥɵΙ
(Q = const)
x
ɢɡɨɛɚɪɚɥɵΙ
(Ɋ = const)
x
ɢɡɨɛɚɪɚ
-
ɢɡɨɬɟɪɦɢɹɥɵΙ
(Ɋ=const,Ɍ= const)
x
ɢɡɨɯɨɪɚɥɵΙ
(V= const)
x
ɢɡɨɯɨɪɚ
-
ɢɡɨɬɟɪɦɢɹɥɵΙ
(V
=const,Ɍ= const)
ɀԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɤԛɣɿɧ ɤɟɥɟɫɿ
ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɥɵΙ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɥɚɪ
ɤԧɦɟɝɿɦɟɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɭɝɟ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ
:
x
ɿɲɤɿ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ
(U)
x
ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɹ
(S)
x
ɠΡɦɵɫ
(A)
x
Ƚɢɛɛɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵ
(G)
x
ɠɵɥɭ
(Q)
x
Ƚɟɥɶɦɝɨɥɶɰ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵ
(F)
x
ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹ
(H)
x
ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ
(
P
)
Ԥɪɛɿɪ ɮɢɡɢɤɚɥɵԕ
-
ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ԛɞɟɪɿɫ ɡɚɬɬɵ ԕԝɪɚɣɬɵɧ (ɦɚɬɟ
-
ɪɢɹɧɵ) ɛԧɥɲɟɤɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɪɟɬɫɿɡ ԥɪɿ ɲɟɤɫɿɡ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵ ɬɭɪɚɥɵ
ɟɪɟɠɟɝɟ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɥɝɟɧ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɹ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧɵԙ ԧɥɲɟɦɿ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ
ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ. ɗɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɛɿɪɧɟɲɟ ɬԛɪɝɟ ɛԧɥɿɧɟɞɿ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ
ɿɲɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿɫɿ ɿɲɤɿ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ.
ȱɲɤɿ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ
(
U
)
–
ɠΟɣɟɧɿΝ ɛɚɪɥɵΙ ɛΫɥɲɟɤɬɟɪɿɧɿΝ Ϋɡɚɪɚ
ΩɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɿɧɿΝ ɠɚɥɩɵ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɵΙ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧ ɠΩɧɟ
ɨɥɚɪɞɵΝ ΙɨɡΕɚɥɵɫɵɧɵΝ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚɥɵΙ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɣɞɵ.