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The distillation is used for rough separation of mixtures, distillation - to the
fullest of their division. These processes are based on the different volatilities of
the components of the mixture at the same temperature.
Mixture components having higher volatility is called highly volatile boils
at a lower temperature than the component having lower volatility. Therefore,
they are also referred to as low-boiling and high boiling components.
Distillation or fractionation the starting mixture is separated into a distillate
enriched with volatile components, and the distillation residue rich in volatility
component.
When the extraction is extracted one or more substances from solutions or
solids with solvents. there is a transition of a substance from one liquid phase
into another liquid phase - during the extraction in the "liquid-liquid" system.
Extraction is commonly used for the recovery of valuable substances from
dilute solutions and for producing concentrated solutions. A special extraction
case is leaching.
The process of extraction of substances from the solid with a solvent called
leaching. In this case there is a transition of a substance from the solid phase into
the liquid.
Leach into food production process of capillary - porous bodies of plant
and animal origin.
The solvents are used:
water - for the extraction of sugar from beets, tea, coffee and degreasing
the bone in the production of animal fat in the preparation of gels and brawn in
the meat processing industry, etc .;
alcohol or water - alcohol mixture - for infusions, fruit drinks in distillery
and brewery and soft drinks industries;
organic solvents - in oil extraction and aromatic industries in the
production of glue and gelatin.
Chemical and biochemical processes. Biochemical processes are called
processes directed activity of microorganisms, the rate of which is determined by
biomass growth, or their metabolic products.
Biochemical processes performed using living microorganisms that
consume from the environment - substrate nutrients - sucrose, glucose, lactose
and other carbohydrates.
Microorganisms breathe, grow and multiply, isolated environment
metabolic products.
Thus, in the production of yeast desired product is biomass. In other cases,
such as microbiological synthesis, as the target product of metabolism is
obtained enzymes, bacterial preparations and leaven.
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