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Lecture 4: The theory and the problem of the ideal process flow
Plan:
1. The theory of the ideal process flow
2. Improvement of process flows by the example of cheese
The process stream as the processes of the system. production technologies,
processing agricultural raw materials are quite diverse, as well as produced products
[2, 3.4].
All technologies can be divided into four groups: physical, physico-chemical,
chemical, biochemical.
The most extensive group of natural technologies: flour, cereal, pasta, dairy,
confectionery, meat, canning, and others.
This technology is based on a group of mechanical processes (mixing,
separation, grinding, shaping and the like), as well as various heat and mass transfer
and thermal processes (drying, baking, roasting, cooking, sterilization, etc.).
The relationship and consistency of mechanical, thermal and heat and mass
transfer processes is quite diverse.
The group of physical-chemical technologies include technologies getting sugar,
starch, vegetable oils, certain confectionery products, salting meat, obtaining extracts
from vegetable and animal origin and others.
Common to these techniques is the use physical extraction methods from raw
mineral substances and chemical methods for their further processing. Here are the
main diffusion processes, extraction, etc.
Group chemical technologies include: technology producing glucose syrup and
food starch hydrolysis method using inorganic and biological catalysts, the
preparation of various fat products by hydrogenation or interesterification, obtaining
ethanol by hydration of natural gas, etc.
The basis for these techniques are chemical reaction.
The basis of the group of biochemical technology - fermentation process:
preparation of bread, baker's yeast, the production of beer, wine, alcohol, etc.
The distinguishing feature of this group of techniques - the use of
microorganisms that cause decay of carbohydrate ethyl alcohol, carbon dioxide, and
byproducts.
The vital activity of microorganisms (the synthesis of substances, reproduction,
etc.) associated with the expenditure of energy, which they receive in the oxidation of
organic substances.
The processes in machines and devices production lines essentially merged into
a single process (thread).
Despite the variety of technologies, computer-hardware circuits that are
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