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Lecture 13: Processes Biocatalysis of Food Technology
Plan:
1. Biocatalysis
2. Theory and practice of using directional in biocatalysis of food
technology and ingredients and protein carbohydrate
Biocatalysis (biocatalysis)
[Gr. bio (s) - life and katalysis - destruction] -
accelerated by enzymes the chemical reactions occurring in living organisms.
Biocatalysis - highly process-specific and, in contrast to chemical
catalysis, occurs in the "softer" conditions, ie conditions peculiar to the living
body (temperature, pressure, reaction medium, etc...). One of the leading roles in
the BI industry occupy the processes of oxidative biotransformation of organic
compounds, including those of hydrocarbons, for example. in the manufacture of
optical isomers of epoxides of unsaturated hydrocarbons, which are used in fine
organic synthesis in the production of biologically active substances, as well as
liquid crystals for electronics.
The purpose of the study is to learn biocatalysis to apply knowledge of the
chemical composition, properties and mechanisms of action of biological
catalysts in the subsequent study of various classes of compounds of the
metabolic processes in the body, the functions of individual tissues and organs,
as well as the regulation of metabolism; to identify ways to enhance the
synthesis of enzymes necessary for adaptation to intense muscular activity by
nutritional factors.
On the basis of knowledge about the structure, properties, the chemistry of
enzyme action, the role of vitamins in their education to learn how to:
Explain the features of enzyme catalysis and the impact of changes in the
active reaction of the body's internal environment on the activity of enzymes.
Explain the characteristics of the effect of activators and inhibitors of
enzymes and their role in the regulation of metabolism.
Identify the role of vitamins and mineral elements in the formation of the
active sites of enzymes, to use this knowledge to explain the role of vitamins and
minerals during muscular activity.
Based on knowledge of the properties of vitamins to choose the methods
of thermal, mechanical and chemical processing of food, allowing to keep in
foods largest number of vitamins.
In the living organism there are a variety of chemical reactions, its
structure constantly updated molecules are not changed more than a few days,
make an exception rather than the rule. These changes occur at enormous speeds,
millions of times greater than the speed of such reactions in inanimate nature
doctrine of the speed of chemical reactions and the factors influencing them, is
called chemical kinetics for better absorption of the theme "Biocatalysis" is
necessary to consider some of the issues of chemical kinetics, to find out what is
called the speed of a chemical reaction, it depends on the chemical nature of the
reactants, their concentrations, temperature, the presence of catalysts, to
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