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Polymer hydrogels are macromolecular hydrophilic crosslinked systems
capable of retaining substantial amount of water while maintaining the properties
inherent solids (determined shape, mechanical modules characterizing material
properties under tensile and shear deformation). This combination of properties
of hydrogels determines a wide range of application areas - from technical areas
(sorbents, gas separation and ion exchange membrane) to the food industry and
medicine (builders of food, drug carriers, artificial substitute biological tissues,
materials for soft and intraocular lenses, and so on. d.). The emergence of new
application areas of polymer hydrogels puts forward new requirements for their
properties. Recently, intensified the need to use hydrogels which together with
hydrophilic properties have etc. desired characteristics, - . Gas permeability
inherent hydrophobic materials (polysiloxanes and fluoropolymers), high
mechanical strength of the material in the hydrated state, compatibility with
biological tissues, optical transparency, electrical conductivity, and .., etc.
compound these properties in the material allowed to create unique polymer
products - soft contact lenses with high oxygen permeability, carriers of water-
insoluble drugs, sorbents which are capable of absorbing, hydrophilic and
hydrophobic substances, new membrane materials, etc..
These objectives can be achieved by obtaining fundamentally new
materials - composite hydrogels containing at least two components, each of
which performs a specific function. It is obvious that the characteristics of the
composite hydrogel caused not only physical-chemical properties of individual
components, but also the structure of the material. Given the limited
thermodynamic compatibility polymer hydrogel various structures are possible -
of the total polymer phase separation to form a matrix-type structures-nanoscale
inclusions of, or structures in which both polymer phases are continuous. The
role of one phase in the biphasic hydrogel can perform inorganic component,
typically in the form of inclusions in a polymer matrix, it is possible but more
complex structures. When combined in the composite hydrogel two hydrophilic
polymers, the question of the morphology of the material is not always obvious.
Given the mandatory presence of the hydrogel in another component (the water),
it can be assumed that in some cases, this component is able to perform the
function of solvent to promote the reconciliation of polymers, under certain
conditions, the hydrogel composition may be a single-phase system.
In a review - was considered a new class of polymer hydrogels, including
methods for their synthesis, properties, applications. In most cases, composite
hydrogels - biphasic system. Interphase boundaries in these materials are not
always clearly expressed. It may be an intermediate layer, where the gradual
change of properties (properties of the transition from Phase 1 to Phase 2 of
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