Упрощенная HTML-версия
472
Fe + H
2
SO
4
FeSO
4
+ H
2
Ⱥɪɵ ԕɚɪɚɣ H
2
SO
4
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧ ɚɪɬɬɵɪԑɚɧɞɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ
ɬԧɦɟɧɞɟɝɿɞɟɣ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ:
Fe + 2H
2
SO
4
FeSO
4
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
H
2
SO
4
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ 60% ɠɨԑɚɪɵ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɚ ɬɟɦɿɪɞɿԙ ɪɟɚɤ
-
ɰɢɹɥɵԕ ԕɚɛɿɥɟɬɿ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɬɟɥɭɿ ɫɚɥɞɚɪɵɧɚɧ – ɨɧɵԙ ɛɟɬɤɿ ԕɚɛɚɬɵɧɞɚ
ɨɤɫɢɞɬɿ ԕɚɛɵԕɬɵԙ ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿɧɟɧ ɛɿɪɞɟɧ ɬԧɦɟɧɞɟɣɞɿ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɥɿ
ɤԛɤɿɪɬ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵɧɞɚ ɬɟɦɿɪɞɿԙ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɬɟɥɭ ԕɚɛɿɥɟɬɿ ɨɧɵ ɛɨɥɚɬ
ɰɢɫɬɟɪɧɚɥɚɪɞɚ ɬɚɫɵɦɚɥɞɚɭԑɚ ɦԛɦɤɿɧɞɿɤ ɛɟɪɟɞɿ.
4
-
ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚ
.
Ɇɵɪɵɲ (
Zn)
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɧɿԙ ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɬɟɪɦɟɧ
ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɿɧɿԙ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧ ɠɚɡɵԙɵɡ: ɨɬɬɟɝɿɦɟɧ,
ɫɭɬɟɝɿɦɟɧ, ɫɭɦɟɧ, ɬɨɬɵԕɩɚɣɬɵɧ
-
ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪɦɟɧ (
HCl, H
2
SO
4
ɫԝɣɵɬ
.
), ɬɨɬɵԑɚɬɵɧ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪɦɟɧ (
H
2
SO
4
ɤɨɧɰ., H
NO
3
ɤɨɧɰ.,
HNO
3
ɫԝɣɵɬ
.
), ɫɿɥɬɿɥɟɪɦɟɧ
(NaOH)
ɠԥɧɟ ɨɪɬɚɲɚ ɬԝɡɞɚɪɦɟɧ.
ɒɟɲɭɿ:
Ɇɵɪɵɲ (
Zn)
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɧɿԙ ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɬɟɪɦɟɧ
ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɿɧɿԙ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧ ɠɚɡԑɚɧɞɚ, 14
-
ԕɨɫɵɦɲɚɧɵ ɩɚɣ
-
ɞɚɥɚɧɭ ԕɚɠɟɬ:
1) 2Zn + O
2
2ZnO
2) Zn + H
2
3) Zn + H
2
O (ɛɭ)
ZnO + H
2
4) Zn + 2HCl ZnCl
2
+ H
2
5) Zn + H
2
SO
4
(
ɫԝɣɵɬ.
) ZnSO
4
+ H
2
6) 4 Zn + 5H
2
SO
4
(
ɤɨɧɰ.
) 4ZnSO
4
+ 4H
2
O + H
2
S
7) 4 Zn + 10HNO
3
(
ɫԝɣɵɬ.
) 4Zn(NO
3
)
2
+ 5H
2
O + N
2
O
8) Zn + 4HNO
3
(
ɤɨɧɰ.
) Zn(NO
3
)
2
+ 2H
2
O + 2NO
2
9) Zn + 2NaOH (
ɤɨɧɰ.
) + 2H
2
O Na
2
[Zn(OH)
4
] + H
2
10) Zn + CuSO
4
ZnSO
4
+ Cu
5
-
ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚ
.
Ɍԧɦɟɧɞɟ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɚɣɧɚɥɭɥɚɪɞɵԙ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɿɧ ɠɚɡɵԙɵɡ ɠԥɧɟ ɛԧɥɿɧɝɟɧ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿ
ԕԝɪɚɣɬɵɧ ԥɪɛɿɪ ɡɚɬɬɵ ɚɬɚԙɵɡ: