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428
5)
Ɍɟɩɟ
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ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵɧɵԙ (Ʉ) ɦԥɧɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ Ƚɢɛɛɫ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ (¨G) ԧɡɝɟɪɭɿɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɤɟɪɿɫɿɧɲɟ, ɟɫɟɩɬɟԙɿɡ; ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ
ɦԥɧɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɨɫɵ ɛɚԑɵɬɬɚ ԛɞɟɪɿɫɬɿԙ ɠԛɪɭɿɧ ɛɚԑɚɥɚɭɞɵ.
Ԧɡɿɧ
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ԧɡɿ ɛɚԕɵɥɚɭ ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɥɚɪɵ
1
-
ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚ.
Ʉɟɥɟɫɿ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ԛɲɿɧ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɵԑɵɧ ɠԥɧɟ
ɪɟɬɿɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿԙɿɡ:
2NɈ (ɝ) + Ɉ
2
(ɝ) = 2NɈ
2
(ɝ)
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɵɞɵɫɵɧɵԙ ɤԧɥɟɦɿɧ 3 ɟɫɟ ɚɡɚɣɬԕɚɧɞɚԑɵ ɨɫɵ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵɧɵԙ ԧɡɝɟɪɭɿɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟԙɿɡ.
ɒɟɲɭɿ:
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵɧɵԙ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧ
ɠɚɡɚɦɵɡ:
ȣ = k · c² ( NɈ) · ɫ
1
(Ɉ
2
)
Ɉɫɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɵԑɵ (Ɇ) 3
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ɤɟ ɬɟԙ, ɫɟɛɟɛɿ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹԑɚ ɡɚɬɬɵԙ ԛɲ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɫɵ ԕɚɬɵɫɚɞɵ; ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɪɟɬɿ ɞɟ (n)
3-
ɤɟ ɬɟԙ, ɫɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɨɥ ɧɟɝɿɡɿɧɟɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ
ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧɞɟ ɞԥɪɟɠɟ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɤɿɲɿɧɿԙ ɠɚɥɩɵ ɫɚɧɵɧɚ ɬɟԙ.
Ɉɫɵɞɚɧ ɲɵԑɚɬɵɧɵ Ɇ = n = 3, ɛԝɥ ɨɫɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ
ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɞɿ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɟɤɟɧɞɿɝɿɧ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɟɞɿ. Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɵԕ ɵɞɵɫɬɵԙ
ɤԧɥɟɦɿɧ 3 ɟɫɟ ɚɡɚɣɬɭɞɵԙ ɫɚɥɞɚɪɵɧɚɧ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧ
-
ɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ 3 ɟɫɟ ɚɪɬɚɞɵ. Ⱦɟɦɟɤ, ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ:
ȣ = k · (3c)² ( NɈ) · 3ɫ (Ɉ
2
) = 27 k · c² ( NɈ) · ɫ (Ɉ
2
)
ȣ ɠԥɧɟ ȣ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɵɩ, ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ 27 ɟɫɟ
ɚɪɬɚɬɵɧɵɧ ɬɚɛɚɦɵɡ.
2
-
ɬɚɩɫɵɪɦɚ.
Ʉɟɥɟɫɿ ɬɟɩɟ
-
ɬɟԙɞɿɤɬɿɤ ɠԛɣɟɥɟɪ ԛɲɿɧ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ
ɬɟɩɟ
-
ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɫɵɧ
ɠɚɡɵԙɵɡ:
Ⱥ) FeCl
3
(ɟɪ) + 3KSCN(ɟɪ)
Fe(SCN)
3
(ɟɪ) + 3KCl (ɟɪ)
Ȼ) N
2
(ɝ) + 3ɇ
2
(ɝ)
2Nɇ
3
(ɝ)
ȼ)
K
2
ɋ
O
3
(
ɟɪ)
+ HOH KHCO
3
(
ɟɪ) +
KOH (
ɟɪ)
Ƚ)
H
2
ɋ
O
3
(
ɟɪ)
HCO
3
Ǧ (ɟɪ) +
H
+
(
ɟɪ)
Ⱦ) [
Cu(NH
3
)
4
]
+2
(
ɟɪ)
Cu
+2
(
ɟɪ) + 4
NH
3
(
ɟɪ)
ȿ) ȼɚSO
4
(
ɬԝɧɛɚ
)
ȼɚ
+2
(
ɟɪ) + SɈ
4
Ǧ
2
(
ɟɪ
)