Упрощенная HTML-версия
300
2-
ɬΩɠɿɪɢɛɟ
. ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵɧɚ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɵԙ ԥɫɟɪɿ
Ɍɚɩɫɵɪɦɚɥɚɪ:
1) 20
0
C, 30
0
C ɠԥɧɟ 40
0
C ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟ ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɬɢɨɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵɦɟɧ
ɤԛɤɿɪɬ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɿɧɿԙ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵɧɚ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɵԙ ԥɫɟɪɿɧ ɛɚԕɵɥɚԙɵɡ.
2) ɀɨԑɚɪɵɞɚ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɥɚɪɞɚԑɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ
ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵɧ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɿɧɿԙ ɨɪɬɚɲɚ ɦԥɧɿɧ
ɟɫɟɩɬɟԙɿɡ ɠԥɧɟ ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɧԥɬɢɠɟɥɟɪɞɿ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɬԛɪɿɧɞɟ ɛɟɣɧɟɥɟԙɿɡ.
3) Ⱥɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɦԥɥɿɦɟɬɬɟɪɞɿ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɿԙɿɡ ɠԥɧɟ ԕɨɪɵɬɵɧɞɵ
ɠɚɫɚԙɵɡ.
ΘΡɪɚɥɞɚɪ ɠΩɧɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɬɟɪ
. Ʉԧɥɟɦɿ 5
-
6 ɦɥ
-
ɥɿɤ ԧɥɲɟɭɿɲ
ɫɵɧɚɭɵɤɬɚɪ, ɫɟɤɭɧɞɨɦɟɪ, ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪ ɩɥɢɬɚɫɵ, ԕɵɡɞɵɪɭԑɚ
ɚɪɧɚɥԑɚɧ H
2
O ɠԥɧɟ ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟ ԛɲɿɧ ɠɚɡɭɵ ɛɚɪ 200
-
300 ɦɥ
-
ɥɿɤ ɟɤɿ
ɬɟɪɦɨɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ ɫɬɚɤɚɧ, ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɞɟɧɝɟɧ ɫɭ H
2
O, ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɬɢɨɫɭɥɶ
-
ɮɚɬɵ Na
2
S
2
O
3
ɠԥɧɟ ɤԛɤɿɪɬ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵ H
2
SO
4
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿ.
ɌΩɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿΝ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɥɭɵ
.
Ԕɵɡɞɵɪɭԑɚ ɚɪɧɚɥԑɚɧ
H
2
O ɠɚɡɭɵ
ɛɚɪ ɵɞɵɫɬɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪ ɩɥɢɬɚɫɵɧɚ ԕɨɣɵԙɵɡ. ɕɫɬɵԕ ɫɭ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹԑɚ
ɬԛɫɟɬɿɧ ԕɨɫɩɚɧɵԙ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɫɵɧ ɠɨԑɚɪɵɥɚɬɭ ԛɲɿɧ ԕɚɠɟɬ.
ɀɟɤɟ ԛɲ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ 5 ɦɥ
-
ɞɟɧ Na
2
S
2
O
3
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧ ԕԝɣɵԙɵɡ,
ɛɚɫԕɚ ԛɲ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕԕɚ 3 ɦɥ
-
ɞɟɧ H
2
SO
4
ԕԝɣɵԙɵɡ. Ⱥɪɵ ԕɚɪɚɣ ɛɿɪ
ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɧ ɬԝɡɛɟɧ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɵ ɚɥɵɩ, ɬɟɡ ɚɪɚɥɚɫɬɵɪɵɩ, ɫɵɧɚ
-
ɭɵԕɬɵ ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟ ԛɲɿɧ ɠɚɡɭɵ ɛɚɪ ɫɬɚɤɚɧԑɚ ɫɚɥɵԙɵɡ. Ɍɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪ
ɤԧɪɫɟɬɤɿɲɿɧ ɠɚɡɵɩ ɚɥɵԙɵɡ. Ȼɿɪ ɭɚԕɵɬɬɚ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɨɦɟɪɞɿ ԕɨɫɭ
ԕɚɠɟɬ, ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɠԛɪɭ ɛɚɫɵɧɚɧ ɚɹԑɵɧɚ ɞɟɣɿɧɝɿ ɭɚԕɵɬɵɧ
ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɩ, ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɦԥɥɿɦɟɬɬɿ 2
-
ɲɿ ɤɟɫɬɟɝɟ ɬɨɥɬɵɪɵԙɵɡ
.
30
0
C-
ɞɟ ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟɧɿ ɠԛɪɝɿɡɭ ԛɲɿɧ ɟɤɿɧɲɿ ɠԝɩ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɵ
ɚɥɞɵɧ ɚɥɚ ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟ ԛɲɿɧ ɠɚɡɭɵ ɛɚɪ ɫɬɚɤɚɧԑɚ ɫɚɥɭ ԕɚɠɟɬ. ɋɭɞɵԙ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɫɵɧ 10
0
C-
ԑɚ ɤԧɬɟɪɭ ԛɲɿɧ 'ԕɵɡɞɵɪɭԑɚ ɚɪɧɚɥԑɚɧ H
2
O
ɠɚɡɭɵ ɛɚɪ ɵɞɵɫɬɚԑɵ ɵɫɬɵԕ ɫɭɞɵ ɨɧɵ ɚɛɚɣɥɚɩ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɪɦɟɧ
ɚɪɚɥɚɫɬɵɪɚ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, «ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟ ԛɲɿɧ» ɞɟɝɟɧ ɠɚɡɭɵ ɛɚɪ ɫɬɚɤɚɧԑɚ
ԕɨɸ ԕɚɠɟɬ. Ɉɫɵ ɫɬɚɤɚɧɞɚ ɛɿɪɧɟɲɟ ɦɢɧɭɬ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɪɞɵ, ɹԑɧɢ
ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɿɲɿɧɞɟɝɿɫɿ ɨɫɵ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɵ ԕɚɛɵɥɞɚɭ ԛɲɿɧ ԝɫɬɚɣ
ɬԝɪɵԙɵɡ.
ɋɨɞɚɧ ɤɟɣɿɧ ɫɬɚɤɚɧɧɚɧ ɫɵɧɚɭɵԕɬɚɪɞɵ ɚɥɵɩ, ɠɵɥɞɚɦ
ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɿɲɿɧɞɟɝɿɫɿɧ ԕԝɣɵɩ, ɲɚɣԕɚɩ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ I
1
ɛɚɫɬɚɥɭ