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ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ΙɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɵɧɵΝ ɫɢɩɚɬɵ ɚɪɬɚɞɵ,
ɚɥ ɬɨɬɵΙ-
ɬɵɪΕɵɲɬɵΙ Ιɚɫɢɟɬɿ ɦɟɧ ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɵΙ ɫɢɩɚɬɵ, ɤɟɪɿɫɿɧɲɟ
,
ɤɟɦɢɞɿ.
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
ɫɨɥɞɚɧ ɨԙԑɚ ԕɚɪɚɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɛɟɣɦɟ-
ɬɚɥɞɵԑɵ ɚɪɬɚɞɵ, ɫԥɣɤɟɫ,
ɠɚɣ ɡɚɬɬɵΝ ɬɨɬɵΙɬɵɪΕɵɲɬɵΙ
Ιɚɫɢɟɬɿ ɦɟɧ ΙΡɪɚɦɵɧɞɚ ɨɬɬɟɝɿ ɛɚɪ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ΙɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɵɧɵΝ
ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɵΙ ɫɢɩɚɬɵ ɚɪɬɚɞɵ, ɚɥ ɬɨɬɵΙɫɵɡɞɚɧɞɵɪΕɵɲɬɵΙ
Ιɚɫɢɟɬɿ ɦɟɧ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɤ ɫɢɩɚɬɵ, ɤɟɪɿɫɿɧɲɟ, ɤɟɦɢɞɿ
.
13.2 ʂʺ˘ʲˏʹʲ˕ʹ˩˒ ʲˏ˩ˑ˙˩ ʾˬˑʺ ˠˆːˆˮˏ˩ˌ
ˌʲ˖ˆʺ˘˘ʺ˕˲
ɆɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵΝ ɚɥɵɧɭɵ
* Ɇɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵ ɠɨԑɚɪɵ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɞɚ ɤԧɦɿɪɞɿԙ (C), ɤԧɦɿɪɬɟɝɿ
ɨɤɫɢɞɬɿԙ (CO), ɫɭɬɟɤɬɿԙ (H
2
) ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɣɞɿԙ (Al) ɤԧɦɟɝɿɦɟɧ
ɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪɞɟɧ ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɞɵɪɭ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɚɥɚɞɵ:
ZnO + C
o
Zn + CO
n
Fe
3
O
4
+ 4CO
o
3Fe + 4CO
2
n
3Fe
3
O
4
+ 8Al
o
4Al
2
O
3
+ 9Fe
MgO + C
o
Mg + CɈ
n
*
ȿɝɟɪ
ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ ɬԝɡ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɧɟɝɿɡ ɬԛɪɿɧɞɟ ɤɟɧɞɟ ɤɟɡɞɟɫɫɟ,
ɨɧɞɚ ɫɨԙԑɵɥɚɪɞɵ ɨɤɫɢɞɤɟ ɚɣɧɚɥɞɵɪɵɩ ɚɥɚɞɵ:
2ZnS + 3O
2
o
2ZnO + 2SO
2
n
MgCO
3
o
MgO + CO
2
*
Ɇɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɤɚɪɛɢɞɬɟɪɿ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɝɢɞɪɢɞɬɟɪɿ ɬԛɡɿɥɿɩ ɤɟɬɭ
ɫɚɥɞɚɪɵɧɚɧ,
ɤԧɦɿɪɦɟɧ
ɧɟɦɟɫɟ
ɤԧɦɿɪɬɟɝɿ
ɨɤɫɢɞɿɦɟɧ
ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɞɵɪɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɦɚɣɬɵɧ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ, ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɞɵɪɭ
ԛɲɿɧ
ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɣɞɿ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɚɞɵ.
4SrO + 2Al
o
Sr(AlO
2
)
2
+ 3Sr ;
3MnO
2
+ 4Al
o
3Mn + 2Al
2
O
3
*
Ⱥɫɚ ɬɚɡɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵ ɚɥɭ ԛɲɿɧ ɫɭɬɟɝɿɧ ԕɨɥɞɚɧɚɞɵ.
WO
3
+ 3H
2
o
W + 3H
2
O
n
MoO
3
+ 3H
2
o
Mo + 3H
2
O
n