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13-тақырып
МЕТАЛДАРЖӘНЕ БЕЙМЕТАЛДАР
ɀɨɫɩɚɪ
1. Ɇɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ ɦɟɧ ɛɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɠɚɥɩɵ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɦɚɫɵ
2. Ɇɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɚɥɵɧɭɵ ɠԥɧɟ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ
ԕɚɫɢɟɬɬɟɪɿ
3. Ȼɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪɞɵ ɚɥɭ ɠԥɧɟ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɬɟɪɿ
4. Ȼɢɨɝɟɧɞɿ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɹɥɵԕ ɦԥɧɿ
13.1 ʂʺ˘ʲˏʹʲ˕ ːʺˑ ʴʺˇːʺ˘ʲˏʹʲ˕ʹ˩˒ ʾʲˏ˔˩
˖ˆ˔ʲ˘˘ʲːʲ˖˩
Ȼɚɪɥɵԕ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪ (114) ɲɚɪɬɬɵ ɬԛɪɞɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ (92) ɠԥɧɟ
ɛɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ (22) ɞɟɩ ɟɤɿɝɟ ɛԧɥɿɧɟɞɿ. Ɇɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ
(Ɇɟ)
ɬɨԕɬɵ ɠԥɧɟ
ɠɵɥɭɞɵ ɠɚԕɫɵ ԧɬɤɿɡɝɿɲɬɿɝɿɦɟɧ, ɫɨԑɵɥԑɵɲɬɵԑɵɦɟɧ, ɦɚɣɵɫ-
ԕɚԕɬɵԑɵɦɟɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɵԕ ɠɵɥɬɵɪɥɵԑɵɦɟɧ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɥɚɞɵ, ɚɥ
ɛɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪԑɚ (
ɛ/Ɇɟ
) ɦԝɧɞɚɣ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɪ ɬԥɧ ɟɦɟɫ. Ԕɚɥɵɩɬɵ
ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ ɛɚɪɥɵԕ
Ɇɟ
(ɫɵɧɚɩɬɚɧ Hg ɛɚɫԕɚ) – ԕɚɬɬɵ, ɚɥ
ɛ/Ɇɟ –
ɝɚɡɞɚɪ, ɫԝɣɵԕɬɚɪ ɦɟɧ ԕɚɬɬɵ ɡɚɬɬɚɪ.
x
ɉɟɪɢɨɞɬɵΙ ɠΟɣɟɞɟ ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫɭɵ
. (
Ⱥ
) ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ ɬɨɩɲɚ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿ
Be – Al – Ge – Sb – Po
ɞɢɚɝɨɧɚɥɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫԕɚɧ, ɫɨɥ ɠɚԕ ɬԧɦɟɧɝɿ ɛԝɪɵɲɬɚ – ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ, ɨԙ ɠɚԕ
ɠɨԑɚɪԑɵ ɛԝɪɵɲɬɚ – ɛɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ; (
ȼ
) ԕɨɫɵɦɲɚ ɬɨɩɲɚ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɛɚɪɥɵԑɵ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ.
x
ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿΝ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɵΕɵ ɠΩɧɟ ɛɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɞɵΕɵ
.
ɗɥɟ-
ɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɵԑɵ
(
Ɇɟ
) ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɚɪɞɵ ɛɟɪɭ ԕɚɛɿɥɟɬɿɦɟɧ, ɚɥ
ɛɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɞɵԑɵ (
ɛ/Ɇɟ
) – ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɚɪɞɵ ԕɨɫɵɩ ɚɥɭ ԕɚɛɿɥɟɬɿɦɟɧ
ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɥɚɞɵ.
(Ⱥ) ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ ɬɨɛɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
ɠɨԑɚɪɵɞɚɧ ɬԧɦɟɧ ԕɚɪɚɣ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɵԑɵ ɤԛɲɟɣɟɞɿ, ɚɥ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɿԙ ɛɟɣɦɟɬɚɥɞɵԑɵ
ԥɥɫɿɪɟɣɞɿ; ɛԝɥ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɞɟԙɝɟɣɥɟɪ ɫɚɧɵ ɚɪɬԕɚɧɞɚ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɬɿ