Упрощенная HTML-версия
204
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɬɵ ɬɨɬɵԑɭ-ɬɨɬɵԕ-
ɫɵɡɞɚɧɭ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɦԥɧɞɟɪɿɧ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɚ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ,
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟ ԧɡɞɿɝɿɧɟɧ ɠԛɪɟɬɿɧ ɌɌɊ
-
ɧɵԙ
ɬɿɡɛɟɝɿɧɿԙ ɫԝɥɛɚɫɵɧ ԕԝɪɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ:
MnO
4
Ǧ + 8 H
+
+ 5 Ɲ
o
Mn
2+
+ 4 H
2
O, ȿ
0
= + 1,51 B (1)
Fe
3+
+ Ɲ
o
Fe
2+
, ȿ
0
= + 0,77 B (2)
(1) – ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɬɨɬɵԕɬɵɪԑɵɲɬɵԕ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɿ (2) – ɠԛɣɟɝɟ
ԕɚɪɚԑɚɧɞɚ ɤԛɲɬɿɪɟɤ, ɫɟɛɟɛɿ
ȿ
0
(1) > ȿ
0
(2)
. ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ
MnO
4
Ǧ
–
ɬɨɬɵԕɬɵɪԑɵɲ
(Ɍɲ)
, ɚɥ
Fe
2+
– ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɞɵɪԑɵɲ
(Ɍɡɲ)
ɛɨɥɵɩ
ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ. Ⱦɟɦɟɤ, ɌɌɊ-ɧɵԙ
ɬɿɡɛɟɝɿɧɿԙ ɫԝɥɛɚɫɵ ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɬԛɪɞɟ
ɠɚɡɵɥɚɞɵ: MnO
4
Ǧ + Fe
2+
o
Mn
2+
+ Fe
3+
Ɍɨɬɵԑɭ-ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɭ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɵɧɵԙ ɦԥɧɿ ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɡɚɬɬɵԙ
ɌɎ ɦɟɧ ɌɡɎ-ɧɵԙ, ɫɭɬɟɤ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɛɟɥɫɟɧɞɿ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚ-
ɰɢɹɫɵɧɚ (ԕԝɪɚɦɵɧɞɚ ɨɬɬɟɝɿ ɛɚɪ ɢɨɧɞɚɪ ԛɲɿɧ) ɠԥɧɟ ɬɟɦɩɟ-
ɪɚɬɭɪɚɫɵɧɚ ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿɥɿɝɿ
ɇɟɪɧɫɬ ɬɟΝɞɟɭɿɦɟɧ
ԧɪɧɟɤɬɟɥɟɞɿ:
) ɌɡɎ(a
)ɌɎ(a lg
nF
RT3,2 E
) ɌɡɎ(a
)ɌɎ(a ln
nF
RT EE
0
0
) ɌɡɎ(a
)ɌɎ(a lg
n
059 ,0 E
0
ɦԝɧɞɚԑɵ
ȿ, ȿ
0
– ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɪɟɚɥɞɵ ɠԥɧɟ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɬɵ ɬɨɬɵԑɭ-ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɭ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɞɚɪɵ;
ɚ(ɌɎ),
ɚ(ɌɡɎ)-
ɧɵԙ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɛɟɥɫɟɧɞɿ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ;
R
– ɭɧɢ-
ɜɟɪɫɚɥ ɝɚɡ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵɫɵ;
T
– ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ;
n
– ɬɨɬɵԑɭԑɚ (ɬɨɬɵԕ-
ɫɵɡɞɚɧɭԑɚ) ԕɚɬɵɫɚɬɵɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɞɚɪ ɫɚԙɵ;
F
– Ɏɚɪɚɞɟɣ ɬԝɪɚԕ-
ɬɵɫɵ.
ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ,
MnO
4
Ǧ
–ɧɟɧ
Mn
2+
–ɝɟ ɞɟɣɿɧ ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɭɵɧɵԙ
ɪɟɚɥɞɵ ɬɨɬɵԑɭ-ɬɨɬɵԕɫɵɡɞɚɧɭ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɵɧɵԙ ɦԥɧɿ:
)Mn (a
)H(a) MnO (a lg
5
059 ,0 )Mn /
MnO (E )Mn /
MnO (E
2
8
4
2
4
0
2
4