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Ⱥɡ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɚɬɵɧ Ιɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ (Ωɥɫɿɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨ
-
ɥɢɬɬɟɪ) ɬΟɡɟɬɿɧ ɢɨɧɞɵΙ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪ
:
ɚ
) HBr + NaOH NaBr + H
2
O
ɛ
) H
+
+ BrǦ + Na
+
+ OHǦ
Na
+
+ BrǦ + H
2
O
ɜ)
H
+
+ OHǦ
H
2
O
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ Ιɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ ɬΟɡɟɬɿɧ ɢɨɧɞɵΙ ɪɟɚɤ
-
ɰɢɹɥɚɪ
:
ɚ
) Zn(OH)
2
+ 2 NaOH Na
2
[Zn(OH)
4
]
ɛ
) Zn(OH)
2
+ 2Na
+
+ 2 OH¯
2Na
+
+ [Zn(OH)
4
]
2
Ǧ
ɜ
) Zn(OH)
2
+ 2OHǦ
[Zn(OH)
4
]
2
Ǧ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɟɪɞɿΝ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɹɥɵΙ ɦɚΝɵɡɵ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɟɪ ɚɞɚɦɧɵԙ ɬɿɪɲɿɥɿɝɿɧɞɟ ɚɫɚ ɦɚԙɵɡɞɵ ɨɪɵɧ
ɚɥɚɞɵ. Ȼɢɨɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɠԥɧɟ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɹɥɵԕ ԕɵɡɦɟɬɬɟɪɞɟɧ ɛɚɫԕɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɟɪ ɛɚɪɥɵԕ ɬɿɪɿ ɚԑɡɚɥɚɪɞɚ ɫɭɞɵ ɬɚɫɵɦɚɥɞɚɣɬɵɧ
ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɹɥɵԕ ɫԝɣɵԕɬɵԕɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɨɫɦɨɫ ԕɵɫɵɦɵ ɲɚɦɚɫɵɧɚ ԥɫɟɪ
ɟɬɟɞɿ.
Ɏɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɹɥɵԕ ɫԝɣɵԕɬɵԕɬɚɪɞɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɛɨɥɭɵ
ɚԕɭɵɡɞɚɪɞɵԙ, ɚɦɢɧԕɵɲԕɵɥɞɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɠԥɧɟ ɛɚɫԕɚ, ɬԧɦɟɧ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɵ ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɟɪɿɝɿɲɬɿɝɿɧɟ
ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɟɞɿ.
Ⱥɡ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɞɚ, ɢɨɧɞɵԕ ɤԛɲɿ
I 1 2,
ɫԝɣɵԕɬɵԕɬɚɪɞɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬ ɦԧɥɲɟɪɿɧɿԙ ɚɪɬɭɵ, ɦɵɫɚɥɵ, ɨɥɚɪɞɚ ɝɟɦɨɝɥɨɛɢɧɧɿԙ,
ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɝɟɦɨɝɥɨɛɢɧɧɿԙ ɠԥɧɟ ɰɢɫɬɢɧɧɿԙ ɟɪɿɝɿɲɬɿɝɿɧɿԙ ɚɪɬɭɵɧɚ
ԥɤɟɥɟɞɿ. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ԛɥɤɟɧ ɦԧɥɲɟɪɿɧɞɟ (
I
2) ɨɫɵ
ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɟɪɿɝɿɲɬɿɝɿ ɤɟɦɢɞɿ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɫɭɞɵ ɝɢɞɪɚɬ ɬԛɪɿɧɞɟ ԝɫɬɚɩ ԕɚɥɭ ԕɚɛɿɥɟɬɿ
ɚԑɡɚɧɵԙ ԕԝɪԑɚɭɵɧɚ ɠɨɥ ɛɟɪɦɟɣɞɿ. ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ԕɚɥɵɩɬɵ ɷɥɟɤ
-
ɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɬɵԙ ɛԝɡɵɥɭɵ ɚɞɚɦ ɚԑɡɚɫɵɧɚ (ԕɚɧɧɵԙ ɬԝɬԕɵɪ
-
ɥɵԑɵɧɵԙ ɚɪɬɭɵ, ɤԛɪɟ ɬɚɦɵɪ ԕɵɫɵɦɵɧɵԙ ɬԧɦɟɧɞɟɭɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɬ.ɛ.)
ɬɟɪɿɫ ԥɫɟɪ ɟɬɟɞɿ. Ⱥԑɡɚɧɵԙ ԕɚɥɵɩɬɵ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɵɧɞɚ ԕɚɧ ɩɥɚɡɦɚɫɵɧɞɚ
ɢɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ ɨɪɬɚɲɚ 154 ɦɦɨɥɶ/ɥ – ɞɿ ԕԝɪɚɣɞɵ
ɠԥɧɟ ɧɟɝɿɡɿɧɟɧ ɧɚɬɪɢɣ, ɤɚɥɢɣ, ɤɚɥɶɰɢɣ, ɦɚɝɧɢɣ, ɯɥɨɪɢɞ ɠԥɧɟ
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ, ɫɨɧɵɦɟɧ ɛɿɪɝɟ ɤԧɩ ɡɚɪɹɞɬɵ ɚԕɭɡɞɵԙ
ɦɚɤɪɨɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ. ȿɞԥɭɿɪ ɚɡ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɞɚ ɚԑɡɚɞɚԑɵ ɡɚɬ ɠԥɧɟ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɚɥɦɚɫɭ ԛɞɟɪɿɫɬɟɪɿɧɞɟ ԛɡɞɿɤɫɿɡ ɠԛɪɟɬɿɧ, ɦɚԙɵɡɞɵ ɨɪɵɧ
ɚɥɚɬɵɧ, ɛɚɫԕɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵ ɞɚ ԕɚɬɵɫɚɞɵ.