Упрощенная HTML-версия
163
ɬɟɨɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɬԝɪԑɵɞɚ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɥɿɧɝɟɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɤɬɟɪɞɿԙ ԝɣԑɚ-
ɪɵɦɵɦɟɧ,
ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɤɚɥɵΙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ (ɫ)
ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɬɵɧ ɠԥɧɟ
ɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟ ɠԛɡɿɧɞɟ ɞԥɥɟɥɞɟɧɝɟɧ
ɛɟɥɫɟɧɞɿ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ (ɚ)
ɞɟɩ
ɚɬɚɥɚɬɵɧ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɥɚɪ ɛɿɪ ɛɿɪɿɧɟ ɬɟԙ:
ɚ = c
Ʉԛɲɬɿ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿ ԛɲɿɧ ɢɨɧ ɚɪɚɥɵԕ
ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭ ɤԛɲɿ ԧɬɟ ɦɚԙɵɡɞɵ, ɫɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɛɟɥɫɟɧɞɿɥɿɤ ɤɨɷɮ-
ɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɿ ɟɫɤɟɪɿɥɟɞɿ:
ɚ = kc, k < 1 ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɚ < c
ɂɨɧɚɪɚɥɵԕ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɞɿԙ ɫɚɧɞɵԕ ԧɥɲɟɦɿɧ
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿΝ
ɢɨɧɞɵΙ ɤΟɲɿ
(
I
) ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɣɞɵ:
Ωɪɛɿɪ ɢɨɧ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧ ɢɨɧ
ɡɚɪɹɞɵɧɵΝ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɵɧɚ ɤΫɛɟɣɬɤɟɧɞɟɝɿ ɠɚɪɬɵ Ιɨɫɵɧɞɵɫɵɧɚ
ɬɟΝ:
I = ½ cz
2
,
ɦԝɧɞɚԑɵ z –ɢɨɧɧɵԙ ɡɚɪɹɞɵ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɧɵΝ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɿ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ Ⱦ.ɂ. Ɇɟɧɞɟɥɟɟɜɬɿԙ ɟɪɿɬɿɧ-
ɞɿɥɟɪɞɿԙ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɬɵԕ ɬɟɨɪɢɹɫɵɧɚ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɫɭ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɫɵɧɵԙ
ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿ ԕԝɪɵɥɵɫɵɧɚ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɥɝɟɧ. ȿɪɿɝɟɧ ɡɚɬɬɵԙ ɫɭ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɫɵɦɟɧ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ԧɡɚɪɚ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɿ ɧԥɬɢɠɟɫɿɧɞɟ ԕԝɪɚɦɵ
ɦɟɧ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɝɿ ԥɪ ɬԛɪɥɿ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɬɚɪ ɬԛɡɿɥɟɞɿ. ɂ.Ⱥ. Ʉɚɛɥɭɤɨɜ ɬɟɤ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪɞɵԙ ԑɚɧɚ ɟɦɟɫ, ɢɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɞɚ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɬɚɥɭ ɦԛɦɤɿɧɞɿɝɿ
ɛɚɪ ɟɤɟɧɞɿɝɿɧ ɚɣɬɚ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ɛԝɥ ɟɪɟɠɟɧɿ ɞɚɦɵɬɬɵ.
ɋɭ ɞɢɩɨɥɿ ɦɟɧ ɢɨɧɞɚɪ ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ԧɡɚɪɚ ɬɚɪɬɵɥɵɫ ɤԛɲɿɧɿԙ
ɩɚɣɞɚ ɛɨɥɭɵ ɚɭɵɫɩɚɥɵ ԕԝɪɚɦɞɵ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ
ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿɧɟ ԥɤɟɥɟɞɿ. Ɉɫɵ ɤɟɡɞɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɟɝɿ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɞɚɪ ɦɟɧ
ɚɧɢɨɧɞɚɪ ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɬɚɪɬɵɥɵɫ ɭɚԕɵɬɵ 81 ɟɫɟ ԥɥɫɿɪɟɣɞɿ (ɫɭɞɵԙ
ɞɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɥɿɤ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵɥɵԑɵ 81-ɝɟ ɬɟԙ).
ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɫɭ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɫɵɧɵԙ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɢɨɧɞɚɪԑɚ ɵɞɵɪɚɭɵɧɚ ɠɟɬɤɿɥɿɤɬɿ.
ɂɨɧɞɵԕ ɠԥɧɟ ɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɬɿɤ ɩɨɥɸɫɬɿ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɚɪɵ ɛɚɪ
ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɫɵ ԧɬɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɿɧ
ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɣɵԕ.
x
ɂɨɧɞɵ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵΝ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ
ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭɵ
(9.1-ɫɭɪɟɬ):