Упрощенная HTML-версия
159
ɚɦɮɨɬɟɪɥɿ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɬɟɪ
(Al(OH)
3
, Zn(OH)
2
)
*
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɬɿ ɢɨɧɞɚɪ
([Al(OH)
6
]
3
Ǧ, [Cu(NH
3
)
4
]
2+
)
*
ɫɭ
(ɇ
2
Ɉ)
Ʉԛɲɬɿ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɟɪ ɿɫ ɠԛɡɿɧɞɟ ɬɨɥɵԑɵɦɟɧ ɢɨɧɞɚɪԑɚ
ɵɞɵɪɚɣɞɵ, ɚɥ ɨɪɬɚɲɚ ɤԛɲɿ ɛɚɪ ɠԥɧɟ ԥɥɫɿɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɟɪ
ɛɿɪɬɿɧɞɟɩ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɚɞɵ. Ʉԛɲɬɿ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɟɪ ԛɲɿɧ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ԕɚɣɬɵɦɫɵɡ, ɚɥ ԥɥɫɿɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɟɪ
ԛɲɿɧ – ԕɚɣɬɵɦɞɵ ԛɞɟɪɿɫ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ
:
Ʉɋ1
o
Ʉ
+
+ ɋ1Ǧ ;
ɇ
2
ɋɈ
3
l
ɇɋɈ
3
Ǧ + ɇ
+
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɧɵԙ ԕɚɣɬɵɦɞɵ ԛɞɟɪɿɫɿɧɿԙ ɬɟɩɟ-
ɬɟԙɞɿɤ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵ
ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɣɞɵ ɠԥɧɟ
Ʉ
Ⱦ
ɞɟɩ ɛɟɥɝɿɥɟɣɞɿ.
x
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵ (Ʉ
Ⱦ
)
–
ɢɨɧɞɚɪ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ ɤΫɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɿΝ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɛɚΕɚɧ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪɵɧɵΝ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ Ιɚɬɵɧɚɫɵɧɚ
ɬɟΝ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ
: Ʉԧɦɿɪɬɟɝɿ ԕɵɲԕɵɥɵ ԛɲɿɧ
Ʉ
Ⱦ
ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɬԛɪɞɟ
ɠɚɡɵɥɚɞɵ:
> @ >
@
>
@
3
2
3
D
COH
HCO H K
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ
ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɧɵԙ
ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵ
ԥɥɫɿɡ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿԙ ɢɨɧɞɚɪԑɚ ɵɞɵɪɚɭ ԕɚɛɿɥɟɬɬɿɥɿɝɿɧ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɣɞɵ:
Ʉ
Ⱦ
ɦԥɧɿ ɠɨԑɚɪɵ ɛɨɥԑɚɧ ɫɚɣɵɧ, ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɞɟɝɿ ɢɨɧɞɚɪ ɫɚɧɵ ɤԧɩ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ.
Ⱦɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɫɵ (
Ʉ
Ⱦ
) ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬ ɤԛɲɿɧɿԙ
ɧɟԑԝɪɥɵɦ ɞԥɥ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɦɚɫɵ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ, ԧɣɬɤɟɧɿ
Ʉ
Ⱦ
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿԙ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɚ
ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿ
ɟɦɟɫ,
ɛԝɥ
ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɭ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɫɿɧɟɧ (
Į
) ԧɡɝɟɲɟɥɿɥɿɝɿ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿɤ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ
ɛɿɪ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɛɿɪɧɟɲɟ ɫɚɬɵ
ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɠԛɪɭɿ ɦԛɦɤɿɧ.