Упрощенная HTML-версия
154
Z
–
ɛɟɣɬɚɪɚɩɬɚɧɭ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵɧɚ Ιɚɬɵɫɚɬɵɧ
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿΝ Ιɵɲ-
ΙɵɥɞɵΕɵɧɚ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ΙɵɲΙɵɥɞɵΝ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɿɥɿɝɿɧɟ ɠΩɧɟ ɚɥɦɚɫɭ ɪɟɚɤ-
ɰɢɹɫɵɧɚ Ιɚɬɵɫɚɬɵɧ ɬΡɡɞɚɪ Οɲɿɧ
–
ɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɬɿɥɿɝɿɧɿΝ
ɚɬɨɦɞɚɪ ɫɚɧɵɧɚ ɤΫɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɟ ɬɟΝ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ ɲɚɦɚ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ:
Z (HCl) = 1; Z (H
3
PO
4
)= 1 ɧɟɦɟɫɟ 2 ɧɟɦɟɫɟ 3;
Z (KOH) = 1; Z (Ca(OH)
2
) = 1 ɧɟɦɟɫɟ 2;
Z (KCl) = 1·1 = 1; Z (Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
) = 3 · 2 = 6.
x
ȿɪɿɝɟɧ ɡɚɬɬɵԙ ɦɨɥɹɥɶɞɿɤ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ ȼ(ɏ)
–
ɛɿɪ
ɤɝ ɟɪɿɬɤɿɲɬɟɝɿ ɟɪɿɝɟɧ ɡɚɬ ɦԧɥɲɟɪɿɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ (ɦɨɥɶ/ɤɝ).
ȿɒ
ȿɒ
m)X(M
)X(m )ɏ(ȼ
ɧɟɦɟɫɟ
m
)X(n )X(B
x
ȿɪɿɝɟɧ ɡɚɬɬɵԙ ɦɚɫɫɚɥɵԕ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ (ɬɢɬɪ) Ɍ(ɏ) –
ɛɿɪ ɦɥ
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɞɟ ԕɚɧɲɚ ɝɪɚɦɦ ɟɪɿɝɟɧ ɡɚɬ ɛɚɪ ɟɤɟɧɞɿɝɿɧ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɟɞɿ
(ɝ/ɦɥ).
ȿɊ
V
)X(m )X(T
ȽɅɈɋɋȺɊɂɃ
Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɬɚɪ
–
ɫɭɬɟɤɬɿɤ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫ ɩɟɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ
ɤԛɲɬɟɪ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɟɪɿɝɟɧ ɡɚɬɬɵԙ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪɵɧɵԙ ԧɡɚɪɚ
ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɿ ɧԥɬɢɠɟɫɿɧɞɟ ɬԛɡɿɥɟɬɿɧ ԥɪɬԛɪɥɿ ɛɟɪɿɤɬɿɤɬɟɝɿ ɠԥɧɟ
ԕԝɪɚɦɞɚԑɵ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɚɪ.
ȿɪɿɝɿɲɬɿɤ –
ɚɬɨɦ, ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚ ɠԥɧɟ ɢɨɧ ɬԛɪɿɧɞɟ ɟɪɿɬɤɿɲɬɿԙ
ɛɚɪɥɵԕ ɤԧɥɟɦɿɧɟ ɛɿɪɞɟɣ ɬɚɪɚɥɚɬɵɧ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ԕɚɛɿɥɟɬɿ.
ȿɪɿɝɿɲɬɿɤ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ
–
ɚɡ ɟɪɢɬɿɧ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɬɿԙ ԕɚɧɵԕ-
ԕɚɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɞԥɪɟɠɟɥɿɤ ɤԧɪɫɟɬ-
ɤɿɲɬɟɪɿ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɥɵԕ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɟɪɿɧɟ ɬɟԙ ɟɬɿɩ ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ
ɢɨɧɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ɤԧɛɟɣɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ԧɡɝɟɪɦɟɝɟɧɞɟ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ ɲɚɦɚ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ.
ȿɪɿɬɿɧɞɿ –
ɟɤɿ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɛɿɪɧɟɲɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɟɧ ɠԥɧɟ
ԧɡɚɪɚ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭ ԧɧɿɦɞɟɪɿɧɟɧ ɬԝɪɚɬɵɧ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɞɿ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚ-
ɦɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵ ɠԛɣɟ.