Стр. 146 - ДЛЯ ППС

146

x

ȼɚɧɬ

-

Ƚɨɮɮ ɡɚԙɵ

–

ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿ ɟɪɿɬɤɿɲ ɲɟɤɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚ ɟɪɿ-

ɬɿɧɞɿɧɿΝ ɨɫɦɨɫɬɵΙ Ιɵɫɵɦɵ, ɫɨɥ ɟɪɿɝɟɧ ɡɚɬ ɝɚɡ ɤΟɣɿɧɞɟ ɛɨɥɵɩ,

ɨɫɵ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɞɚ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿΝ ɤΫɥɟɦɿɧɞɟɣ ɤΫɥɟɦ ɚɥɵɩ ɬΡɪ-

ΕɚɧɞɚΕɵ ɬɭΕɵɡɚɬɵɧ Ιɵɫɵɦɵɧɚ ɬɟΝ.

ȼɚɧɬ-Ƚɨɮɮ ɡɚԙɵ ɨɫɦɨɫ ԕԝɛɵɥɵɫɵɦɟɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ.

Ɉɫɦɨɫ

–

ɠɚɪɬɵɥɚɣ Ϋɬɤɿɡɝɿɲ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɚ ɚɪΙɵɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɝɟ

ɟɪɿɬɤɿɲɬɿΝ Ϋɡɞɿɝɿɧɟɧ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɹɥɚɧɭɵ.

p =

S

ɠԥɧɟ

c = n / V

ɟɤɟɧɿɧ ɟɫɤɟɪɟ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ, ȼɚɧɬ-Ƚɨɮɮ

ɬɟɧɞɟɭɿɧ ɲɵԑɚɪɭԑɚ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ:

S

= cRT

, ɦԝɧɞɚԑɵ

ɫ

–

ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿԙ

ɠɟɤɟɥɟɝɟɧ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ,

Ɍ

–

ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ;

R

–

ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥ

ɝɚɡɞɵԙ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵɫɵ, 8,314 Ⱦɠ/ɦɨɥɶɄ.

Ɋɟɚɥ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿ ԛɲɿɧ:

S

=

L

cRT,

ɦԝɧɞɚԑɵ

L

–

ɢɡɨɬɨɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ:

L

=

S

(ɿɫ ɠԛɡɿɧɞɟ) /

S

(ɬɟɨɪɢɹɥɵԕ)

Ɉɫɦɨɫɬɵԙ ɠɚɧɭɚɪɥɚɪ ɦɟɧ ԧɫɿɦɞɿɤ ɚԑɡɚɥɚɪɵ, ɫɨɧɵɦɟɧ ԕɚɬɚɪ,

ɚɞɚɦ ɚԑɡɚɫɵ ԛɲɿɧ ɦɚԙɵɡɵ ɡɨɪ. Ȼɚɪɥɵԕ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɹɥɵԕ ԝɥɩɚɥɚɪ

ɠɚɫɭɲɚɥɚɪɞɚɧ ɬԝɪɚɞɵ, ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ԥɪԕɚɣɫɵɫɵɧɞɚ ԕɚɛɵԕ

(ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɚ) ɛɨɥɚɞɵ, ɚɥ ɨɧɵԙ ɿɲɿɧɞɟ ɫԝɣɵԕɬɵԕ ɨɪɧɚɥɚɫԕɚɧ

–

ɨɥɚɪ

ԥɪɬԛɪɥɿ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɫɭɥɵ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɫɿ.

ɀɚɫɭɲɚ ɿɲɿɥɿɤ ɫɭ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ ԕɵɫɵɦ ɨɧɵԙ ɫɟɪɩɿɦ-

ɞɿɥɿɝɿɦɟɧ ɬԛɫɿɧɞɿɪɿɥɟɞɿ. ɀɚɧɭɚɪɥɚɪ ɦɟɧ ԧɫɿɦɞɿɤɬɟɪɞɿԙ ԝɥɩɚɥɚɪɵ

ԛɲɿɧ

S

= 0,49

y

0,98 Ɇɉɚ.

x

Ƚɟɧɪɢ ɡɚԙɵ

–

ɬΡɪɚΙɬɵ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɞɚ ɝɚɡɞɵΝ ɟɪɿɝɿɲɬɿɝɿ

ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿ ɛɟɬɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɝɚɡ Ιɵɫɵɦɵɧɚ ɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥ:

ɫ = kP

,

ɦԝɧɞɚԑɵ

ɫ

–

ɫԝɣɵԕɬɵԕɬɚԑɵ ɝɚɡɞɵԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ,

Ɋ

–

ɝɚɡɞɵԙ

ԕɵɫɵɦɵ,

k –

ɟɪɿɝɿɲɬɿɤɬɿԙ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɿ.

Ƚɟɧɪɢ ɡɚԙɵɧɞɚ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧɞɟɣ, ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿ ɛɟɬɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɝɚɡ ԕɵɫɵ-

ɦɵɧ ɬԧɦɟɧɞɟɬɭ ɨɧɵԙ ɟɪɿɝɿɲɬɿɝɿɧɿԙ ɬԧɦɟɧɞɟɭɿɧɟ ԥɤɟɥɟɞɿ. Ƚɟɧɪɢ

ɡɚԙɵ ԕɵɫɵɦɵ ɬԧɦɟɧ ɤɟɡɞɟɝɿ ɫԝɣɵɬɵɥԑɚɧ ɝɚɡ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɿ ԛɲɿɧ

ԕɨɥɞɚɧɵɥɚɞɵ. ȿɝɟɪ ɝɚɡɞɚɪ ɟɪɿɬɤɿɲɩɟɧ (NH

3

–

H

2

O, SO

2

–

H

2

O)

ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɫɟ, ɨɧɞɚ ɧɟԑԝɪɥɵɦ ɤԛɪɞɟɥɿ ɡɚԙ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ԕɵɫɵɦɧɵԙ

ɠɨԑɚɪɵɥɚɭɵɦɟɧ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɟɪɿɝɿɲɬɿɝɿ ɚɪɬɚɞɵ.