Упрощенная HTML-версия
144
¾
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
–
ԕɨɣɵɥɬɵɥԑɚɧ (ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɥɿ)
ɠԥɧɟ ɫԝɣɵɬɵɥԑɚɧ;
¾
ɟɪɿɝɿɲɬɿɤ ɲɟɝɿɧɟ ɠɟɬɭ ɞΩɪɟɠɟɫɿ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ
–
ԕɚɧɵԕԕɚɧ,
ɚɫɚ ԕɚɧɵԕԕɚɧ ɠԥɧɟ ԕɚɧɵԕɩɚԑɚɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɛԧɥɿɧɟɞɿ.
8.2 ɸʹʺʲˏ ʺ˕˲˘˲ˑʹ˲ˏʺ˕ʹ˲˒ ˄ʲ˒ʹʲ˕˩
ɂɞɟɚɥ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɞɟ (Ⱥȼ) ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɚɪɚɥɵԕ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭ (ɆԤ)
ɛɿɪɞɟɣ ɠԥɧɟ ɲɟɤɫɿɡ ɚɡ:
ɆԤ
Ⱥ-Ⱥ
= ɆԤ
ȼ-ȼ
= ɆԤ
Ⱥ-ȼ
o
0
ɂɞɟɚɥ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪɞɿԙ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɬɟɪɿ ԕԝɪɚɦɞɚɫɬɚɪ ɬɚɛɢԑɚɬɵɧɚ
ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿ ɟɦɟɫ, ɬɟɤ ɨɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɥɚɪɵɦɟɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɥɚɞɵ.
Ɇԝɧɞɚɣ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪ ԕԝɪɚɦɞɚɫɬɚɪɞɵԙ (ɋ
6
ɇ
6
–
ɋ
6
ɇ
5
ɋɇ
3
)
ɮɢɡɢ-
ɤɚɥɵΙ-ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ Ιɚɫɢɟɬɬɟɪɿ ɫɚɣ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ɠɚΕɞɚɣɞɚ
ɧɟɦɟɫɟ
ɲɟɤɫɿɡ
ɫΡɣɵɬɵɥΕɚɧ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿ
(ɋɇ
3
ɋɈɈɇ
–
ɇ
2
Ɉ) ɬԛɡɿɥɝɟɧ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ
ɬԛɡɿɥɟɞɿ. ȿɤɿ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ ɞɚ ɟɪɭ ɬɟɤ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɹ ɟɫɟɛɿɧɟɧ ɿɫɤɟ ɚɫɚɞɵ,
ɚɥ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɚɪɚɥɵԕ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɿ ɚɡ ɛɨɥԑɚɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ, ɨɧɵ ɟɫɤɟɪɦɟɣɞɿ
(ǻɇ = 0, ǻV = 0).
ɂɞɟɚɥ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɥɟɪ Ɋɚɭɥɶ, ȼɚɧɬ-Ƚɨɮɮ, Ƚɟɧɪɢ ɠԥɧɟ Ʉɨɧɨɜɚ-
ɥɨɜɬɵԙ ɡɚԙɞɚɪɵɧɚ ɛɚԑɵɧɚɞɵ.
x
Ɋɚɭɥɶ ɡɚԙɵ
–
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿ ɛɟɬɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɟɪɿɬɤɿɲɬɿΝ ΙɚɧɵΙΙɚɧ ɛɭ
Ιɵɫɵɦɵ ɟɪɿɬɤɿɲɬɿΝ ɦɨɥɶɞɿɤ Οɥɟɫɿɧɟ ɤΫɛɟɣɬɿɥɝɟɧ ɬɚɡɚ ɟɪɿɬɤɿɲ
ɛɟɬɿɧɞɟɝɿ ΙɵɫɵɦΕɚ ɬɟΝ:
Ɋ
Ⱥ
= Ɋ
0
Ⱥ
N
A
,
ɦԝɧɞɚԑɵ
Ɋ
Ⱥ
, Ɋ
0
Ⱥ
–
ɬɚɡɚ ɟɪɿɬɤɿɲɬɿԙ ɠԥɧɟ ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿԙ ɛɟɬɿɧɞɟɝɿ
ԕɚɧɵԕԕɚɧ ɛɭ ԕɵɫɵɦɵ;
N
A
–
ɟɪɿɬɤɿɲɬɿԙ ɦɨɥɶɞɿɤ ԛɥɟɫɿ.
Ɋɚɭɥɶ ɡɚԙɵɧɵԙ ɫɚɥɞɚɪɵ:
ɟɪɿɬɿɧɞɿɧɿΝ Ιɚɣɧɚɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ-
ɬɭɪɚɫɵɧɵΝ ɚɪɬɭɵ
(ǻɌ
ԕɚɣɧɚɭ
)
ɦɟɧ Ιɚɬɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɫɵɧɵΝ
ɬΫɦɟɧɞɟɭɿ
(ǻɌ
ԕɚɬɭ
)
ɟɪɿɝɟɧ ɡɚɬɬɵΝ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɚ ɬɭɪɚ
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥ.
ǻɌ
ԕɚɣɧɚɭ
= Ʉ
ɗ
m, ǻɌ
ԕɚɬɭ
= Ʉ
Ʉ
m,
ܕ ൌ
ή
ήۻ
ɦԝɧɞɚԑɵ
m
–
ɟɪɿɝɟɧ ɡɚɬɬɵԙ ɦɨɥɹɥɶɞɿɤ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵ,
ɦɨɥɶ/ɤɝ;
g
1
, g
2
–
ɫԥɣɤɟɫɿɧɲɟ, ɟɪɿɝɟɧ ɡɚɬɬɵԙ ɠԥɧɟ ɟɪɿɬɿɤɿɲɬɿԙ
ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵ;
Ɇ
–
ɟɪɿɝɟɧ ɡɚɬɬɵԙ ɦɨɥɶɞɿɤ ɦɚɫɫɚɫɵ;
Ʉ
ɗ
–
ɛɿɪ ɦɨɥɹɥɶɞɿ