Упрощенная HTML-версия
132
ɋ
2
H
5
Ɉɇ
o
ɋɇ
3
ɋɇɈ + ɇ
2
(kt – Cu);
ɋ
2
H
5
Ɉɇ
o
ɋ
2
ɇ
4
+ ɇ
2
Ɉ (kt – Al
2
O
3
)
Ȼɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɡɚɬɬɚɪ ɦɟɧ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɞɵԙ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɬɵԕ ɤԛɣɿɧɟ
ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɞɿ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɞɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɞɿ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡ ɞɟɩ
ɛԧɥɟɞɿ.
Ƚɨɦɨɝɟɧɞɿ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɞɟ
ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɡɚɬɬɚɪ ɦɟɧ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɥɚɪ
ɛɿɪ ɮɚɡɚɥɵ ɛɨɥɚɞɵ (ɝɚɡ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɫԝɣɵԕ);
ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɞɿ
ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɞɟ
ɝɚɡ ɬԛɪɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɧɟɦɟɫɟ ɫԝɣɵԕ ɤԛɣɞɟɝɿ ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɡɚɬɬɚɪ ԕɚɬɬɵ
ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɞɵԙ ɛɟɬɿɧɞɟ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɟɞɿ.
x
Ƚɨɦɨɝɟɧɞɿ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɿ ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɛɿɪɟɭɿ
ɦɟɧ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚ ɚɪɚɥɵԕ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫɬɵԙ ɬԛɡɿɥɭɿɧɟ
ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɥɝɟɧ. Ⱥɪɵ ԕɚɪɚɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɡɚɬɬɵԙ ɟɤɿɧɲɿɫɿɦɟɧ
ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɿɩ, ɧԥɬɢɠɟɫɿɧɞɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ԧɧɿɦɿ ɦɟɧ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ
ɬԛɡɿɥɟɞɿ. Ⱥɪɚɥɵԕ ԛɞɟɪɿɫɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɟɤɟɭɿɧɿԙ ɞɟ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ ɬɿɤɟɥɟɣ
ɠԛɪɟɬɿɧ ԛɞɟɪɿɫ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵɧɚɧ ɧɟԑԝɪɥɵɦ ɚɪɬɵԕ,
ɹԑɧɢ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ԕɚɬɵɫɵɦɟɧ ɠԛɪɟɬɿɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɠɵɥɞɚɦ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ:
2SO
2
n
+ O
2
n o
2SO
3
n
(1);
2NO
n
(kt)
+ O
2
n o
2NO
2
n
(2)
2NO
2
n
+ SO
2
n o
2NO
n
(kt) + 2SO
3
n
(3)
Ɇԝɧɞɚԑɵ 1-ɲɿ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɛɚɹɭ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ, ɚɥ 2-ɲɿ ɠԥɧɟ 3-ɲɿ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪ ɠɵɥɞɚɦ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ (NO
2
– ɚɪɚɥɵԕ ԕɨɫɵɥɵɫ).
x
Ƚɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɞɿ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɿ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɛɟɬɿɧɞɟ
ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ ԛɞɟɪɿɫɿɧɿԙ ɠԛɪɭɿɧɟ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɥɝɟɧ (ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɡɚɬɬɚɪ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪɵ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɞɵԙ ɛɟɬɿɧɟ ɲɨԑɵɪɥɚɧɚɞɵ). Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ
ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵɧɵԙ ɚɪɬɭɵ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɹɥɚɧԑɚɧ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪɞɵԙ
ɚɤɬɢɜɬɟɧɞɿɪɭ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ ɬԧɦɟɧɞɟɭɿ ɟɫɟɛɿɧɟɧ ɠԥɧɟ ɚɞɫɨɪɛ-
ɰɢɹɥɚɧɚɬɵɧ ɠɟɪɥɟɪɞɟ ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɡɚɬɬɚɪ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ
ɚɪɬɭɵ ɟɫɟɛɿɧɟɧ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ.
4NH
3
n
+ 5O
2
n o
4NO
n
+ 6H
2
O
Ɉɫɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɫɵɡ ɛɚɹɭ, ɚɥ Pt kt ԕɚɬɵɫɭɵɦɟɧ
ɠɵɥɞɚɦ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ.
Ɍɿɪɿ ɚԑɡɚɞɚ ԧɬɟɬɿɧ ɤԧɩɬɟɝɟɧ ԛɞɟɪɿɫɬɟɪ (ɚԕɭɵɡɞɚɪ, ɦɚɣɥɚɪ,
ɤԧɦɿɪɫɭɥɚɪ ɵɞɵɪɚɭ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɿ) ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɬɿɤ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɥɚɬɵɧ
ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ԛɞɟɪɿɫ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ.