Упрощенная HTML-версия
129
* ȿ
Ⱥ
>
120 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ – ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ԥɞɟɬɬɟɝɿ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ ԧɬɟ ɛɚɹɭ
ɠԛɪɟɞɿ, ɿɫ ɠԛɡɿɧɞɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵɧ ԧɥɲɟɭ ɦԛɦɤɿɧ ɟɦɟɫ:
N
2
+ 3H
2
2NH
3
(ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɬɟɤ ԕɚɬɚԙ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ)
* 40 < ȿ
Ⱥ
< 120 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ – ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪ ԧɥɲɟɧɟɬɿɧ
ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԕɩɟɧ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ:
4Fe + 3Ɉ
2
+ 6H
2
O
4Fɟ(ɈH)
3
(ɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɹɫɵ)
ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵΝ ɠɚɪɬɵɥɚɣ ɚɣɧɚɥɭ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ
(
½)
–
ɛɚɫɬɚɩΙɵ Ωɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɲɿ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵΝ ɠɚɥɩɵ ɦΫɥɲɟɪɿɧɿΝ
50% Ωɫɟɪɥɟɫɤɟɧ ɭɚΙɵɬɬɵ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɣɞɵ.
ɀɚɪɬɵɥɚɣ ɚɣɧɚɥɭ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵɧɵԙ ɦԥɧɿ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵɧɚ ɛɚԑɵɧɚɞɵ:
½
ɦԥɧɿ
ɬԧɦɟɧ ɛɨɥԑɚɧ ɫɚɣɵɧ, ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɡɚɬɬɚɪ ɠɵɥɞɚɦ ԥɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɟɞɿ.
7.2 ʇʺʲˊˢˆˮ ʾ˩ˏʹʲːʹ˩ʸ˩ˑʲ ˬ˖ʺ˕ ʺ˘˙˦˲ ˟ʲˊ˘˓˕ˏʲ˕
ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɲɚɦɚɥɚɪԑɚ ɬԥɭɟɥɞɿ:
¾
ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿΝ ɬɚɛɢΕɚɬɵɧɚ (ɚɤɬɢɜɬɟɧɞɿɪɭ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ
-
ɫɵɧɚ
);
¾
ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɬɟɪɞɿΝ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɚ;
¾
ɨɪɬɚɧɵΝ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɫɵɧɚ;
¾
ΙɵɫɵɦΕɚ
(
ɝɚɡɞɚɪ ΙɚɬɵɫΙɚɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪ Οɲɿɧ
);
¾
ΡɫɚΙɬɚɥɭ ɞΩɪɟɠɟɫɿɧɟ
(
Ιɚɬɬɵ ɡɚɬɬɚɪ ΙɚɬɵɫΙɚɧ ɪɟɚɤ
-
ɰɢɹɥɚɪ Οɲɿɧ
);
¾
ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɞɵΝ Ιɚɬɵɫɭɵ ɦɟɧ ɬɚɛɢΕɚɬɵɧɚ;
¾
Ωɪɬɟɤɬɿ Ϋɪɿɫ ɩɟɧ ɫΩɭɥɟɥɟɧɭɝɟ.
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵΕɵɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɧɵΝ Ωɫɟɪɿ
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ ɦɟɧ ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ (ɧɟɦɟɫɟ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ԧɧɿɦɞɟɪɿɧɿԙ) ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧ ԧɡɚɪɚ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵɪɚɬɵɧ
ɬɟԙɞɟɭ, ɠɨԑɚɪɵɞɚ ɚɬɚɥɵɩ ԧɬɤɟɧɞɟɣ, Ƚɭɥɶɞɛɟɪɝ ɩɟɧ ȼɚɚɝɟɧɿԙ
Ωɪɟɤɟɬɬɟɫɭɲɿ ɦɚɫɫɚɥɚɪ ɡɚΝɵɧɚ
ɛɚԑɵɧɚɞɵ.
Ɇɵɫɚɥɵ:
ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɡɚɬɬɚɪ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɫɵɧɵԙ 2 ɟɫɟ ɚɪɬɭɵ
ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵɧɵԙ ԧɡɝɟɪɿɫɿɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɭ ɤɟɪɟɤ.
*
2Ⱥ (ɟɪ) + ȼ (ɟɪ) = Ⱦ
1
= k · c²(A) ɫ(ȼ);
2
= k ·(2c)²(A) · 2ɫ(ȼ);
2
/
1
= k · (2c)²(A) · 2ɫ(ȼ) / k · c²(A) · ɫ(ȼ) = 4·2 = 8
.
9
–
3/129-15