Упрощенная HTML-версия
117
ɏɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵΝ ɦΟɦɤɿɧɞɿɝɿ ɦɟɧ
ɛɚΕɵɬɵɧ ɚɧɵΙɬɚɣɬɵɧ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɥɚɪ:
x
ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹɥɵΙ
– ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɠɵɥɭ ɛԧɥɿɧɭ ɟɫɟɛɿɧɟɧ ɚɡ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɥɵ
ɠɚԑɞɚɣԑɚ ɚɭɵɫɭԑɚ ԝɦɬɵɥɭɵ (ǻɇ < 0);
x
ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɹɥɵΙ
– ɠԛɣɟɧɿԙ ɵԕɬɢɦɚɥ ɠɚԑɞɚɣԑɚ ɚɭɵɫɭԑɚ ԝɦ
-
ɬɵɥɭɵ, ɹԑɧɢ ɪɟɬɫɿɡɞɿɤɬɿԙ ɠɨԑɚɪԑɵ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɵɧɚ ɚɭɵɫɭɵ (ǻ
S > 0).
ɂɡɨɛɚɪɚɥɵԕ
-
ɢɡɨɬɟɪɦɢɹɥɵԕ ԛɞɟɪɿɫ ԛɲɿɧ ɨɧɵԙ ɦԛɦɤɿɧɲɿɥɿɝɿ
ɦɟɧ ɛɚԑɵɬɵ Ƚɢɛɛɫɬɿԙ
ǻ
G =
ǻɇ – Ɍǻ
S
ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ
ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹɥɵԕ (
ǻɇ
) ɠԥɧɟ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɹɥɵԕ (
Ɍǻ
S
) ɮɚɤɬɨɪɥɚɪɦɟɧ
ɚɧɵԕɬɚɥɚɞɵ. Ɉɫɵ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ԧɡɞɿɝɿɧɟɧ (ǻ
G <
0) ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɥɚɪɞɚ ɠԛɪɟɞɿ:
x
ǻɇ < 0
ɠԥɧɟ
ǻ
S > 0
;
x
ǻɇ < 0
ɠԥɧɟ
ǻ
S < 0
,
ɛɿɪɚԕ
_
ǻɇ
_
> T
ǻ
S
ɠɚԑɞɚɣɵɧɞɚ;
x
ǻɇ > 0
ɠԥɧɟ
ǻ
S > 0
, ɛɿɪɚԕ
ǻɇ < Ɍǻ
S
ɛɨɥɫɚ.
ɂɡɨɯɨɪɚ
-
ɢɡɨɬɟɪɦɢɹɥɵԕ ԛɞɟɪɿɫ ԛɲɿɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ԧɡɞɿɝɿɧɟɧ
ɠԛɪɭɿ (ǻF<0) Ƚɟɥɶɦɝɨɥɶɬɿԙ
ǻ
F =
ǻ
U
– Ɍǻ
S
ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿɧɟ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ
ɚɧɵԕɬɚɥɚɞɵ.
Ʉɟɣɛɿɪ ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵΙ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪɞɵΝ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɫɵ
x
ɗɧɬɪɨɩɢɹɧɵԙ ɚɪɬɭɵ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɠԛɪɟɬɿɧ (ǻS > 0) ɷɤɡɨɬɟɪ
-
ɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪ (ǻɇ < 0) – ԕɚɣɬɵɦɫɵɡ, ԧɡɞɿɝɿɧɟɧ ɠԛɪɟɬɿɧ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪԑɚ ɬԥɧ (ɬԝɪɚԕɫɵɡ ɤԛɪɞɟɥɿ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɠɚɣ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪԑɚ ɵɞɵɪɚɭ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɫɵ):
2H
2
O
2
o
2H
2
O + O
2
ǻɇ°
ɯ.ɪ.
=
– 211,93 ɤȾɠ; ǻS°
ɯ.ɪ.
= 129 Ⱦɠ/Ʉ; ǻG°
ɯ.ɪ.
=
– 250,37 ɤȾɠ.
x
ɗɧɬɪɨɩɢɹɧɵԙ ɬԧɦɟɧɞɟɭɿ ɚɪԕɵɥɵ ɠԛɪɟɬɿɧ (ǻS < 0) ɷɤɡɨ
-
ɬɟɪɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪ (ǻɇ < 0), ɬɟɤ ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɠɚԑɞɚɣɞɚ
_
ǻɇ
_
> T
ǻ
S
– ԕɚɣɬɵɦɫɵɡ, ԧɡɞɿɝɿɧɟɧ ɠԛɪɟɬɿɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪԑɚ ɬԥɧ (ɬԧɦɟɧɝɿ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɞɚ ɿɫɤɟ ɚɫɚɞɵ):
3H
2
+ N
2
o
2NH
3
ǻɇ°
ɯ.ɪ.
=
– 92,53 ɤȾɠ; ǻS°
ɯ.ɪ.
=
– 195 Ⱦɠ/Ʉ; ǻG°
ɯ.ɪ.
=
– 33,49 ɤȾɠ.