Упрощенная HTML-версия
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Ɍɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɧɵԙ ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɡɚԙɵɧɚ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ
:
Q =
ǻ
U
+ ɪ
ǻ
V
,
ɠɵɥɭɥɵԕ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɥɟɪɿ ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɥɟɪɿɦɟɧ ɚԙɵԕɬɚɥɚɞɵ:
Q
V
=
ǻ
U
+ ɪ
ǻ
V=
ǻ
U
(V = const
ǻV= 0 ɠɚԑɞɚɣɵɧɞɚ)
Q
Ɋ
=
ǻ
U
+ ɪ
ǻ
V= (U
2
- U
2
) + (
ɪ
V
2
-
ɪ
V
1
) = (U
2
+
ɪ
V
2
) - (U
1
+
ɪ
V
1
) =
=
ɇ
2
– ɇ
1
=
ǻɇ
, ɫɟɛɟɛɿ
U + ɪV = ɇ
.
ɂɡɨɯɨɪɚɥɵԕ ɠԥɧɟ ɢɡɨɛɚɪɚɥɵԕ ԛɞɟɪɿɫɬɟɪɞɿԙ ɠɵɥɭɥɵԕ ɷɮɮɟɤ
-
ɬɿɥɟɪɿ ɛɿɪ
-
ɛɿɪɿɦɟɧ ɤɟɥɟɫɿ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɦɟɧ ɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫԕɚɧ:
Q
Ɋ
–
Q
V
=
ǻnRT,
ɦԝɧɞɚԑɵ
ǻ
nRT =
ɪǻ
V
– ɢɞɟɚɥ ɝɚɡɞɵԙ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿ (Ɇɟɧɞɟɥɟɟɜ
-
Ʉɥɚɣɩɟɪɨɧ ɬɟԙɞɟɭɿ).
Q
V
=
ǻ
U
,
ɚɥ
Q
Ɋ
=
ǻɇ
ɟɤɟɧɞɿɝɿɧ ɟɫɤɟɪɟ ɨɬɵɪɵɩ:
ǻɇ – ǻU = ǻnRT,
ɦԝɧɞɚԑɵ
ǻ
n
– ɝɚɡ ɬԛɪɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɦɨɥɶ ɫɚɧɵɧɵԙ
ɚɣɵɪɦɚɫɵ,
R
– ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥ ɝɚɡ ɬԝɪɚԕɬɵɫɵ (8,314 Ⱦɠ/ɦɨɥɶ·Ʉ),
Ɍ
–
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ.
ɗɧɞɨɬɟɪɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪ ԛɲɿɧ ǻɇ
ɏ.Ɋ.
> 0, ɫɟɛɟɛɿ, ɇ
2
> ɇ
1
;
ɷɤɡɨɬɟɪɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɚɪ ԛɲɿɧ ǻɇ
ɏ.Ɋ.
< 0, ɫɟɛɟɛɿ, ɇ
2
< ɇ
1
,
ɦԝɧɞɚԑɵ ɇ
2
, ɇ
1
– ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ԧɧɿɦɞɟɪɿ ɦɟɧ ɛɚɫɬɚɩԕɵ ɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɞɟԙɝɟɣɥɟɪɿ (6.1 ɫɭɪɟɬ).
6.1-
ɫɭɪɟɬ
– ɀɵɥɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɥɟɪɿ
ɚ) ɷɤɡɨɬɟɪɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ; ɛ) ɷɧɞɨɬɟɪɦɢɹɥɵԕ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ.
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɵԙ ɠɵɥɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɿɫɿɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɭ ɬɟɪɦɨɯɢɦɢɹɧɵԙ ɟɤɿ
ɡɚԙɵɧɚ ɧɟɝɿɡɞɟɥɝɟɧ.
ɛ)
ɚ)